Letsoai. bicarbonate ammonium

letsoai ke eng?

Sehlopha sa metsoako lik'hemik'hale tse akarelletsang tšepe ealogy kapa ealogy ammonium, hammoho le anion tsa moiety acid e na le lebitso la akaretsang - letsoai. Di arotswe tloaelehile (kapa mahareng), asiti, ea motheo, habeli, hydrate (bonaletsang hydrate) rarahaneng.

Bakeng sa ho tloaelehile (kapa mahareng) letsoai tšoauoa ka sa Phetolo feletseng tsa cations hydrogen ka molek'hule acid e ka tšepe kapa ammonium ealogy, tse kang sodium sulphate Na2SO4 kapa k'halsiamo carbonate CaCO3.

Ha molek'hule acid e ea cations hydrogen mokhoa o sa fellang ka go engwa legatong ke ealogy e, joalo letsoai acid e ba bitsoa, ho etsa mohlala, ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3 kapa sodium hydrogencarbonate NaHCO3.

Ha e le setsi molek'hule e ne e se ka ho feletseng 'me a leeme tloswa ea lihlopha hydroxyl ka acid e khōlō, le letsoai thehoa li bitsoa tsa motheo, ho etsa mohlala, digidroksokarbonat koporo (CuOH) 2CO3.

Ka moralo wa na le matsoai a mabeli a mabeli cations fapaneng, mohlala, aluminium le potassium ka potassium alum Kal (SO4) 2 • 12 H2O.

Ka moralo wa, letsoai tsoakiloeng na le tse peli tse anion fapaneng, mohlala, tera h CaCl (OCl).

Sebopeho sa letsoai hydrate kenyeletsa limolek'hule tsa metsi crystallization, mohlala, sulfate koporo (bolou) CuSO4 • 5 H2O.

Limolek'hule bopilwe letsoai rarahaneng kapa rarahaneng ealogy rarahaneng anion, mohlala, chloride tetraammintsinka (II) [(Zn (NH3) 4)] Cl2.

E le letsoai le thehoa mabitso?

mantsoe a mabeli teng mabitso a letsoai. Pele - lebitso la anion, e leng e emela tabeng nominative. Lentswe bobeli (tabeng genitive) le tsoa lebitso la ealogy ena. Mohlala: sodium sulphate Na2SO4, tšepe sulfate (II) FeSO4, tšepe sulfate (III) Fe2 (SO4) 3, khalsiamo carbonate CaCO3, koporo chloride CuCl2. The letsoai sehlooho asiti pele lebitso la e tlalehiloeng anion le ketapele "haeterojene" kapa le ketapele "bi-", ha a molek'hule a lula e mong unsubstituted ealogy hydrogen. Ha hydrogen joalo ntse cations tse peli, lebitso la e tlalehiloeng ho anion le ketapele "dihydro". Mehlala hydrogencarbonate (kapa bicarbonate) NaHCO3 tharollo (letsoai ena e boetse e tsejoa e le ho baka soda le ho e), sodium dihydrogenphosphate NaH2PO4.

Ammonium bicarbonate. moralo

Ka moralo asiti k'habone acid e letsoai NH4HCO3, ao ho 'ona ho ealogy ammonium e hape e ne e akarelletsa HCO3- anion thehoa ke leeme tloswa ka molek'hule ea acid e ealogy hydrogen ho Ion sebele qosoa ammonium. Ke hore, molek'hule fanoeng ea letsoai e acid e kenyelletsa ditokiseletso e ealogy ya ammonium NH4 +, amanang le anion mong ho ba le reha lebitso la hydrogencarbonate HCO3-. The moralo feteletseng ea tsamaiso Hill e ngotsoeng ka: CH5NO3. Boima limolek'hule le ntho e 79,06. e. m.

thepa

Ammonium bicarbonate ke komponeng inorganic le ponahalo e - e Colorless kristale le e rhombic lekhoakhoa. Segokanyipalo ke 1,586 g, / cm3 (ho 20 ° C). The eketseha mouoane khatello ea 59 limilimithara. Hg. Bonono. (Ha 25,4 ° C) ho 278 limilimithara. Hg. Bonono. (Ha 45 ° C).

ammonium bicarbonate hase qhibilihang ka har'a ka ethanol 'me monohalogen acetone. Haholo qhibilihang ka har'a metsing: le eketseha mocheso solubility tsa eketseha letsoai acid e ho tloha 11,9 g, / 100 g, (ka 0 ° C) ho 36,6 g, / 100 g, (ka 40 ° C).

Ammonium bicarbonate bola le CO2 ho lokolloa se a ntse a 20 ° C. Ka mocheso oa 36-70 ° C letsoai bola ka ditharollo ea metsi. Ka lebaka leo, ammonia e lokolloa, hlahiswa metsi le carbon dioxide: NH4HCO3 → NH3 ↑ + CO2 ↑ + H2O.

Hobane hydrolysis ke tharollo ea metsi a itšoara joang length of alkaline. Ha phaella ka ho re ka ikakhela ka setotsoana ammonia tharollo Ho thehoa letsoai tloaelehile: NH4HCO3 + NH3 → (NH4) 2CO3.

Tlas'a bohato la acid le alkalis ba timetsoa ke acid e letsoai ditekanyo itšoara joang: NH4HCO3 + HCl → NH4Cl + H2O + CO2 ↑ kapa NH4HCO3 + 2 NaOH → Na2CO3 + NH3 • H2O + H2O.

Ammonium bicarbonate. baeti ba fihlelang

Joaloka hydrogencarbonates tsohle, asiti ammonium letsoai e ka fumanehang ka nako e telele fetisetsana carbon dioxide e ka mahareng tharollo ammonium letsoai: (NH4) 2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 NH4HCO3.

Tlas'a mocheso le maikutlo a (30 ° C) letsoai mahareng le hlaha li bole kapele 'ea eona mogote ho ammonia le asiti letsoai: (NH4) 2CO3 → 2 NH4HCO3 + NH3.

Haeba metsi a ka dissolving carbon dioxide le ammonia e boetse khoneha ho fumana ya asiti ammonium letsoai: NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NH4HCO3.

kopo

ammonium bicarbonate ho pharaletseng sebediswa ho indasteri e ea lijo: phetha karolo ea lik'hemik'hale moemeli leavening ka tlhahiso ea confectionery le lebakeng lihlahisoa. E o tsejoa hore e le hore ho phahamisa teko foreshe e boetse e sebelisa sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3. Empa kopo lona ke sa sebetsa, hobane rag kapa sefa luba ho fihlela ho baka isang ho tloswa ho feta ka potlako ea thehoa ke itsoara joang ka acid e khase k'habone, 'me tabeng ena, hlama tla se tlokoma e le bonolo.

Ammonium bicarbonate e sebediswa bakeng sa tanning le daea tsa masela Textile: tshebetso ya ho tlosa unfixed dae (kapa stripper) ke motsoako oa letsoai le ammonium akarelletsa ho bicarbonate ammonium.

Ntho sebelisoa ka temo ka senyeha ya fepa ka (khina bola, ka tsela eo e ntseng e eketseha polokeho ya), hammoho le ea manyolo bakeng sa litapole, meroho le furu. Sebelisoa thepa ea hae ho fokotsa kapa thibela le thulaganyo ya nitrification ea mobu.

Ammonium bicarbonate le sebelisitsoe ka meepo uraniamo, liindasteri metallurgical, hammoho le ka moriana o (ka tlhahiso ea divithamini). Ka tswakana manyolo ke lintho tse bonahalang e tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lik'hemik'hale, tse kang letsoai ammonium.