Ke eng mutagenic Ntlha e le seo a se ke kotsi?

Phetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso kamehla etsahala ka tšohanyetso. Boitsebiso bo liphatseng tsa lefutso tsa ntho e phelang fapana: ntho etsahalang hara chromosomes kapa liphatsa tsa lefutso, 'me liphetoho tsee li ka kakaretso bonahalang ho ka mahlo. Maemong a mang, ka liphello tse boima, 'me ka linako tse ling tsa' mele oa khoneha lefu. The phetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso ha li etsahale ka boeona. Lebaka leo kamehla o fumana mutagenic lebaka.

ke mutagenic mahlahana eng?

Liphetoho ka liphatsa tsa lefutso le ho chromosomes, saense e ithuta liphatsa tsa lefutso. E boetse e fana ka tlhaloso ea saense ea mutagens.

lintlha Mutagenic - mahlahana lik'hemik'hale kapa 'meleng tse bakang ho fetoha ha boitsebiso bo liphatseng tsa lefutso tsa liseleng. Mofuta wa mahlahana tsena ka 'na ba e fapaneng,' me ka maemo a hona e thehiloe tlhophiso.

mefuta mutagens

Ho itšetlehile ka hlahang ho yona bona abelwang karolo ya 'mele, lik'hemik'hale le mutagens likokoana-hloko. lintlha leha e le efe mutagenic ka ngotsoe ho e 'ngoe ea lihlopha tsena tse tharo tse khōlō.

Tshusumetso mahlahana a tletseng bora seleng ea ka 'na ho lebisoa ka kotloloho ho DNA molek'hule,' me joale e ntan'o ba lintho tse bonahalang le liphatsa tsa lefutso ea lahleheloang sebopeho ka eona qalong. Ba bang ba mutagens kena-kenana le tsamaiso e karohano seleng, le sephetho le lintho tse bonahalang le liphatsa tsa lefutso e aba hantle. Leha ho le joalo, lintho tse tseo ke li ke ke ha boleloa hore ke mutagens. Empa ama k'hemik'hale komponeng ea enzyme itseng ratang ka sebele mutagenic lebaka. Tsena dintho ho ba le mutagenic " 'nang", o ile a bua promutagens.

Mutagenic lintlha. mehlala

Ke mutagens hlahang ho yona 'meleng kenyeletsa mehloli ea ionizing mahlaseli, ho pepesehela UV leseli, tsela e sa tloaelehang se phahameng kapa tlaase mocheso ho le mongobo.

Ka mohlala, wavelength tsa mahlaseli mahlaseli le e-ba bolelele ba fetang 260 NM li ananelang ka seleng dimela le ho etsa hore lakane sebopeho ho eona uncharacteristic tsa dimers pyrimidine (metsoako ka ketane DNA) eo, le eena, a ka fetoha sesosa sa liphoso ho bala ka lintho tse bonahalang tse liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ka lebaka leo, lisele tse ncha tse nkiloeng DNA molek'hule ho tswa ho "fosahetseng" sebopeho.

lik'hemik'hale tse ngata tse mutagenic le promutagens. Mehlala ke arabelang mefuta oksijene, nitrates le nitrites, ba bang ba tšepe, lithethefatsi le bao e leng lintho tseo ho fihlela moloko oa batho-ba teng linthong tsa tlhaho (lik'hemik'hale lelapa, additives lijo le o bolokang).

Ka mohlala, mosali oa moimana a ka 'na ua hlokomela hore maemo a bona le ho nka ba bang ba lithibela-mafu, e kotsi ho lesea le. Ka lebaka leo, ngoana a ka hlahisa lefu congenital bakoang ke liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso.

The mutagens tsa likokoana-hloko li akarelletsa livaerase, libaktheria, lihlahisoa tsa tšenyo ea ba bang protozoa le likokoana-hloko.

Le ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea mahlahana joalo tsa likokoana-hloko ka lisele tse ke tšebetso e se bitsoang tšoaetsanoang mutagenesis. Ka mohlala, baktheria Helicobacter pylori, phelang ka mpeng ea batho 'me intestine ka etsa hore ho ruruha ha mucosa le. Ho ruruha fetola phallo tloaelehileng ea dithulaganyo redox liseleng senyehile hore fetola sebōpeho sa lintho tse bonahalang tse liphatseng tsa lefutso tse ho tsona. dithulaganyo DNA ho lokisa li robehileng le mokhoa oa ho tloaelehile fihla moo ho arohanang molek'hule. Sephetho - phetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso.

mantsoe a seng makae e mabapi le tshebetso ya ho mutagenesis

Mutagenesis - ke tshebetso ya ho ketsahalo e sa liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso. Mofuta ofe mochine, e ka etsahala?

The matla ka ho fetisisa lintlha mutagenic bakela ho thoeng chromosomal se tsitse. Ka lebaka la lintho tse bonahalang tse liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa e aba unevenly ka arohane lisele tse kapa chromosomes sebopeho ka boeona e fapana. Mohlala, chromosomes tse pedi di pepesehetse mahlahana mabifi fapanyetsana momoring bona.

Mutagenic Ntlha e ka boela fetoloa e DNA tatelano ea acid nucleic. Hoa thahasellisa hore liphetoho tse bang teng joalo tse bolaeang kapa tsa baka bokuli bo tebileng haholo ha a angoa ke nucleotides bohlokoa, empa ba boetse ba ka etsahala ntle le pathologies, haeba joalo nucleic tatellanong acid e ha ba senyeha.

Tsela ea ho itšireletsa ho pepesehela mutagens?

lintlha Mutagenic ha fumaneha hohle, kahoo e tla be e ntse e le thuso ho nka mehato e itseng e thibelang.

Antioxidants - e le sehlopha se ea bohlokoa ea metsoako eo thibela ho pepesehela carcinogens. 'Me ba ka thusa ho sireletsa khahlanong le mefuta eohle ea lik'hemik'hale tletseng bora. Mehlala ea antioxidants ba divithamini A, C le E, beta-carotene le flavonoids. dintho tsena di ka bongata haholo le ao a fumanoa meroho le litholoana, hammoho le ho green tea.

Ho bohlokoa ho leka ho itšireletsa mahlahana bohloko 'meleng tse kang UV mahlaseli kapa mosi. Ka mohlala, Australia, ke lehae la palo e khōlō haholo ea batho ba khanya e sohlokehile, 'me ho na le, hangata e boemo ba leholimo le chabile. The peresente ya maemo a melanoma naheng ena, ka bomalimabe, e phahameng.

Mehato lokela ho ho nkoa ka lithibela-mafu, a ela hloko hore lijo 'me u leke ho fokotsa tshebediso ya o bolokang. Sebakeng se loketseng, ya e le hantle, e ne e khomarela melao-motheo ea ho ja bophelo bo botle.

lintlha Mutagenic tikoloho tse matla. Leha ho le joalo, ho itšireletsa tšusumetsong ea bona e khoneha haholo, haeba re ka hloko bophelo ba bona.