Jazz: e leng seo ka tataiso, ba etsa

Tšimoloho ea jese morao-rao le metse ka metso ka ho setso mino African. Mora Hristofor Kolumb sibolla k'honthinente e ncha le batho ba Europe ba ile ba lula moo, ho mabōpong a Amerika tse eketsehileng lateloa le likepe tsa mokolang.

Iznuronnye sebetsa ka thata, ho hloloheloa hae le ho ba nang le balaoli ba kula likamano, makhoba a ile a fumana khothatso ho 'mino. Butle-butle lipina e sa tloaelehang le ho utloa morethetho na le thahasello ka Maamerika le Maeurope. Kahoo ho ne ho jese. Seo jese ke, 'me seo le litšobotsi tse lona, re nahana ka sehloohong sena.

Features mino tataiso

Le bolela ho jese mino oa African-American, e leng e thehiloe - improvisation (ballon) le khethehileng morethetho sebopeho (syncope). Ho fapana le likarolo tse ling, moo motho a le mong o ile a ngola 'mino,' me etsa mehlolo e tse ling tse, libini jese phetha baqapi bobeli.

Melody e bōpiloe ka nako e ka boithatelo ngola, arohantsoe ke e karohano bonyane ho bolaoa nako. Ha e ntse e fellang kateng le jese. ke eng improvisation mino oa liletsa? Bokhoni bona ba libini ho tloaela e mong le tse ling. Ho phaella moo, e mong le e improvises hae.

Results tseo a li ngotseng itlelang feela li bolokiloe notation mino (T. Kouler, Arlene G. "Ke thabile letsatsi lohle," Ellington D. "Na ha u tsebe hore ke rata?", Joalo-joalo).

Ha nako e ntse, 'mino African tsa maiketsetso le Europe. Hlaha lipina hore kopana polasetiki, morethetho, lipina tsa thoriso 'me tumellanong melumo (Cheatham Doc, Blues In My Heart, Carter James, Centerpiece, joalo-joalo).

litaelo

Abelwang karolo ya libakeng tse fetang mashome a mararo tsa jese. Nahana ka tse ling tsa tsona.

1. Blues. Ka Senyesemane lentsoe le bolelang "ho hlonama", "melancholy". Qalong e bitsoa wa blues Solo la lyric pina batšo. Jazz-wa blues - e dvenadtsatitaktovy nako e lekanang trohstrochnoy thothokiso foromo. Blues o hlophisitsoeng o ile a etsa ka lebelo le ea liehang, ka litemana tsa ka amahanngoa bang litlhahiso tsa bolotsana. tse hloahloa hlokomelehang tsa wa blues - Gertrude Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, 'me ba bang.

2. Ragtime. The phetolelo ea sebele ea lebitso la ka mokhoa - tsekolotsoeng nakong e tlang. Ka puo ea mantsoe a 'mino "Reg" le bolela utloahala masene ho feta pakeng tsa lobes. Tataiso hlaha ka United States, ka mor'a leoatle nkoa mesebetsi ea Schubert, Chopin le Liszt. Mino ke baqapi European phethile ka jese setaele. Hamorao, ho ne ho o hlophisitsoeng pele. Ragtime tloaelehileng pōpo Joplin S., D. Scott, D. Konyana et al a.

3. Boogie. Mokhoa oa ho ngola hlaha mathoasong a lilemo mashome a mabeli. Beng ba caffe theko e tlaase hlokahala libini ho bapala jese. Seo ke accompaniment mino presupposes boteng ba 'mino oa liletsa, e tsoela ka ntle ho a re, empa ho mema palo e khōlō ea libini ne theko e phahameng. Molumo oa liletsa fapaneng koala bapala piano, ho bōpa e mengata o hlophisitsoeng morethetho. Boogie Features:

• improvisation;
• virtuoso thekniki;
• khethehileng accompaniment letsohong le letšehali etsa dilenaneo phetolo ostinantnuyu, e karohano pakeng tsa Bass le lipina tsa thoriso - tse peli kapa tse tharo octaves;
• tsoelang pele morethetho;
• ba bebofatsa mokhelo.

Boogie bapetse Romeo Nelson, Arthur Montana Taylor, Charles Avery et al a.

Legends ya setaele

Jazz ratoang linaheng tse ngata lefatšeng ka bophara. Hohle ho na le linaleli tse potolohileng lebotho la Fans, empa a mang a mabitso fetohile tšōmo ea. Di tsejoa le ho ratoa ho pota lefatše. libini tsena, ka ho khetheha, o re Louis Armstrong.

Ha ho tsebahale hore na ka be ho bile qetello ea moshanyana le tsoang ho kotara ba futsanehileng e Negro, haeba Louis ba ne ba sa kena likampong tsa chankana. Mona, le naleli e tlang tlalehiloeng ka koporo sehlopha Leha ho le joalo, sehlopha sa e sa bapala jese. ke wa blues, seo le ka moo ho bina, mohlankana a sibolla lintho tse ngata hamorao. Armstrong fumanoeng leboha botumo lefatšeng ka bophara ho boiteko le mamello.

Mothehi oa jese ho bina nahana Billie Holiday (lebitso la ea sebele Eleonora Fagan). Peak tloaeleha ha sebini ea fihla 50-ogy ea tse lekholo tse fetileng, ha e le boemo phetoho nightclub sethaleng.

bophelo thata ba bile teng ba le lipane tsa mefuta e fapaneng ya octaves tharo Elly Fitsdzherald. Ka mor'a lefu la 'mè oa hae, o ile a baleha lapeng' me a 'na a phela bophelo ba se le eena o hlomphehang. Qalo ea mosebetsi oa ho sebini e ne e le tshebetso ya tlhōlisanong mino engole masiu.

World tummeng ke Dzhordzh Gershvin. The moqapi o ile a bōpa jese o hlophisitsoeng e thehiloeng 'mino oa classic. Mokgwa tšohanyetso a tshebetso khahloa bamameli le basebetsi-'moho. Likonsarete ne kamehla tsamaea le litlatse. Ka ho fetisisa tummeng mosebetsi oa G. Gershwin - "Rhapsody ka Blue" (sebedisana authored le Fredom Grofom), opera "Porgy le Bess", "An American Paris."

E boetse e ratoa jese baetsi ba litšoantšo ba ne ba le sa ntse ba Dzhenis Dzhoplin, Rey Charlz, Sarah Vaughan, Mayls Devis, 'me ba bang.

Jazz ka USSR

Ho hlaha ha 'mino ona ba Soviet Union ka lebaka la lebitso la seroki, mofetoleli le lebaleng la liketsahalo-goer Valentina Parnaha. The konsarete ea pele ea jese sehlopha se ile sa etsa ke virtuoso ileng sa etsahala ka 1922. Hamorao Tsfasman, L. Utesov, J. Skomorovsky bōpehileng joaloka tataiso ea jese theatrical, kopantseng karaoke tshebetso le operetta. E. Rosner etsa ho hongata ho itsese batho ka ga jese mino Varlamov, A. Lundstrom.

Ka lilemo tse 40 tsa lekholo tse fetileng, jese e se e ho pharaletseng a nyatsa ka lipono tse makatsang tsa setso bourgeois. Ka 50-60-ogy la litlhaselo tse tse hloahloa emisa. Jazz lihlopha li ile tsa bōptjoa ho RSFSR le ba lirephabliking tse ling tsa Soviet Union.

Kajeno jese seamlessly bolaoa ka mekhahlelo konsarete le ka melamu.