Futurists - ke mang ee? Russia Futurists. Silver Age Futurist

Futurism (ho tloha Latin futurum, e bolelang "nakong e tlang") - le avant-garde mokhatlo oa ka bonono Europe 1910-1920, haholo-holo Russia le Italy .. Ho batla ho bopa ho thoeng "tsebo ea ho nakong e tlang", e le baemeli ba ena le boleloe bonahatsoa ka.

Mosebetsing oa ho FT Marinetti, Setaliana le seroki, Russia Cubo-Futurists sechabeng "Gilei", hammoho le hore na barupeluoa ba "Mezzanine lithothokiso", "Ego-Futurists Association", "e le ho ohla" latola setso ea setso e le lefa la ho "fetile", ntshetswa pele ke aesthetics ea indasteri mochini le urbanism .

makgetheng bath

Bakeng sa ho penta sebakeng sena e tšoauoa ka maqhutsu foromo, lichifi, repetitions multiple sepheo sa e fapaneng, joaloka sehlogo ea sephetho le boiphihlelo potlako tshisinyo. Italy, ho Futurists -. Sena John Severini, U. Boccioni. Ka lingoliloeng, ho na le ke motsoako oa e iqapetsoeng le videong lintho tse bonahalang, ho lithothokiso - tekeletso le puo ( "nang kelello" kapa "mantsoe ka bolokolohi"). Russia Futurist seroki - ke V. V. Mayakovsky, V. V. Hlebnikov, I. Northerner, A. E. Kruchenyh.

lihlopha

mokhoa ona ha hlaha lilemong tse 1910-1912, hammoho le acmeism. Acmeists, futurists le baemeli ba maqhubu a tse ling tsa modernism mosebetsing oa hae le bonngoeng ne ba ikhopolang ho hanyetsana. The bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa lihlopha Futurists, hamorao bitsoa Cubo-Futurism, kopaneng liroki tse sa tšoaneng tsa Silver Age. The tummeng ka ho fetisisa tsa seroki sa lona futurist - ke V. V. Hlebnikov, D. D. Burlyuk, V. Kamensky, Kruchenykh, V. V. Mayakovsky le ba bang. Egofuturizm I. Severianin (seroki I. V. Lotarev, lilemo tsa bophelo - 1887-1941) e ne e le e mong oa mefuta e sa tsoaneng ya mokhoa ona. Sehlopheng "Centrifuge ile" a qala mosebetsi oa bona o tsebahalang Union liroki B. L. Pasternak le N. N. Aseev.

Bolokolohi ba lentsoe thothokiso

Futurists Russia phatlalatsa boipuso ea mofuta o le dikahare, phetohelo lona, tokoloho se nang moeli oa lentsoe ka tsela ea thothokiso. Ba ka ho feletseng le lahla lineano bongoling. Ka manifesto e, ka cocky haholo bitsoa "jabela ha a tobane le tatso ea sechaba", e hatisitsoeng ka pokello e tšoanang ea 1912, baemeli ba mokhoa ona o ile a khothalletsa hore a lahlele theoha "sekepe ea bokoli" o ile a hlokomela hore ba boholong kang Dostoevsky, Pushkin le Tolstoy. Kruchenykh sireletsa tokelo ea seroki ho bopa tsa bona, "abstruse" puo, e leng ha a na boleng ho khetheha. litemana tse a hae a ha e le hantle sebaka ke sa utloisiseheng, lefeela sete ya mantswe. Empa VV Kamensky (lilemo tsa bophelo - 1884-1961) le V. Khlebnikov (lilemo tsa bophelo - 1885-1922) ba ile ba khona ho phetha mosebetsi oa hae e thahasellisang haholo liteko le puo e behang tshusumetso ka lithothokiso tsa sechaba.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky

Futurist le e neng e le seroki se tummeng Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (1893-1930). lithothokiso la hae la pele ba ne ba e hatisitsoeng ka 1912. Vladimir Vladimirovich entse sebakeng sena sehlooho tsa lona, tseo ho tloha qalong e bontša ka ho totobala har'a litho tse ling. Mayakovsky, futurist lobbied bakeng sa pōpo ea bophelo bo bocha sechabeng, 'me a sa feela khahlanong le tse fapa-fapaneng "nang molemo phepong".

Ka phetoho e khōlō e fetileng ea 1917 ha a ntse a seroki e ne e le Revolutionary maikutlo a lerato, ba nyatsa seo ho thoeng ke 'muso "tse mafura", a bona esale pele e haufi Revolutionary sefefo. Latola ka o teng likamano bathapi oona tsamaisong tsohle, o ile a bolella tumelo ea humanist ka monna e mong oa lithothokiso tse kang "The mokokotlo lekolilo", "A Cloud ka marikhoe", "monna", "Ntoa le Khotso". Sehlooho e hatisitsoeng ka 1915 (feela foromo truncated ba li thibela ho), le thothokiso "A Cloud ka marikhoe" seroki sa o hlalosoa ka ho eketsehileng e le 4 mohoo "Fatše!" Down ka lerato, bonono, odara le bolumeli. O ne a le mong oa liroki pele Russia o ile a bontša ka tsona litemaneng tsa bona 'nete ea setjhabeng ncha.

nihilism

Lilemong tse tlang pele ho phetoho e bileng teng ka lithothokiso Russia teng botho e khanyang, e leng ho ne ho le thata ho hlalosa ho khetheha mokhatlo oa bongoling. Ho M. I. Tsvetaeva (1892-1941) le M. Voloshin (1877-1932). Ka mor'a 1910 ho na le e 'ngoe e ncha tataiso - futurism, hanyetsa ka boeona e ho lingoliloeng tsohle, eseng feela e fetileng, empa le ba hona joale. Ho ile a tla lefatšeng ka ba le takatso ea ho senya likhopolo tsohle. Nihilism ka bonoa ka moralo Link tsa liroki likoleke, tse neng li e hatisitsoeng ka morao ya lodonga kapa wrapping pampiri hammoho le litlotla tsa bona - "Bafu Moon", "tsehali e lebese" le tse ling tse tloaelehileng futurist thothokiso.

"Jabela ho sa Tsotellehe Latsoang ea Sechaba"

Ka pele e hatisitsoeng ka 1912 buka ea "jabela ho sa Tsotellehe Latsoang ea Sechaba" e ile ea hatisoa phatlalatso. E ile ya saenelwa ke tsebahalang liroki-futurists. E ne e le Andrew Kruchenykh, David Burliuk, Vladimir Mayakovsky le Velimir Khlebnikov. Ho eona ba ne ba bolela nepahetseng bo khethehileng ho ntho e 'ngoe, ho ba babuelli ea mehla ea hae. Liroki latola ka likhopolo Dostoyevsky e, Pushkin, Tolstoy, empa ka nako e tšoanang le Balmont, ba hae "litlolo tse nkhang hamonate le bohlola," Andreyev le hae "slime ditshila", Maxim Gorky, Alexander Blok, Aleksandra Kuprina le ba bang.

Ho hana futurists tsohle manifesto beha "lehalima" ba ikhopolang ho bohlokoa lentsoe. Ntle le leka, ho fapana le Vladimira Vladimirovicha Mayakovskogo, ho ba liha taelo ea sechaba o teng, ba feela batla ho ntjhafatsa liforomo hae. Ka Serussia phetolelo ea tsekedi "ntoa - feela bohloeki oa lefatše", e nkoa e le motheo oa Futurism Setaliana, o ile a fokola, Leha ho le joalo, ho ea ka Valery Bryusov, likhopolong tsa ena e ntse "a ema ka ntle pakeng tsa meleng e ka."

Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka ho Vadim Shershenevich Silver Age Futurist pele tsosetsoa e tšoanetseng foromo boemong ba, ho fana e le boleng ba mosuoe-hlooho, samotselevogo elements ea mosebetsi. Ba categorically hana litemaneng tse ngoliloeng feela ka lebaka la maikutlo a itseng. Ka lebaka leo, ho na le e ne e le sete ea melao-motheo ka puo ea khale phatlalatswa.

Puo e ncha

Velimir Khlebnikov, theorist e 'ngoe ea Futurism, o ile a phatlalatsa le lecha "abstruse" puo e le puo ya nakong e tlang lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho ea lahleheloang moelelo oa lentsoe, ho ena le hore ho ba le moelelo subjective. Kahoo, liluma-nosi le a utloisisa e le sebaka le nako (litatabelo tse holimo), lilumisoa - sound, 'mala, monko. Ka boiteko ba ho atolosa meeli ea puo, ho fana ka ho bopa mantsoe motheong oa ba le motso (motso: lithatho ..., kelello ... - "re Charu le shied hole").

Aestheticism simvolisticheskoy me haholo-holo lithothokiso Acmeist Futurists hanyetsa di seheletswe mola katlase deestetizatsiyu. Ka mohlala, "lithothokiso - tse malabulabu wench" David Burliuk. Valeriy Bryusov ka ho hlahloba se "The Selemo ea lithothokiso Russia" (ka 1914,) o ile a re, hlokomela elang hloko tala futurist lithothokiso, ha hoa lekana ho omanya letho kantle ho selika-likoe bona, ho fumana ntho e 'ngoe e ncha. O ile a bolela hore dipopontshwa tsena tsohle liroki ostensibly inahanelang. Re kopana le bona ka lithothokiso tsa lekholo la bo18 la lilemo, ka Virgil le Pushkin, 'me molumo oo-mebala khopolo ile sisintsweng Teofilem gote,.

ho rarahana ha kamano ea

Hoa thahasellisa hore, bakeng sa latola bohle ka tsebo, le Futurists Silver Age ntse ke utloa tswelopela tsa tšoantšetso. Ho joalo, Alexander Blok, ba okametse mosebetsi oa Igorya Severyanina re le ngongoreho ea hore ha ho na le sehlooho le sehlooho se reng 1915 Valeriy Bryusov ile ba hlokomela hore ho sitoa ho nahana le ho hloka tsebo nyenyefatsa lithothokiso hae. O blames le Northerner ka vulgarity, tatso e mpe, haholo-holo nyatsa ni ba hae mabapi le ntoa.

Esita le morao koana ka 1912 Aleksandr Blok ile a bolela hore o ne a tšaba seo modernists na liboto. Ka mor'a nakoana, khopolo ea "futurist" le " 'mampoli" fetohile tsoana ho e leka-lekaneng le ea phatlalatsa ea lilemong tseo. Tobetsa avidly latela "liketso" bakeli tsa bonono ncha. Ka lebaka la sena, ba ile ba tsejoa ho batho ka kakaretso, khahloa fa nako e ngata. Histori ea mokhoa ona ka ho Russia ke ba le kamano e rarahaneng pakeng tsa lihlopha tse'nè tse khōlō, e mong le e ba tsona o ile a lumela hore o hlalosa " 'nete" futurism,' me ka bohale bo tšosang ile a pheha khang le batho ba bang, qholotsa sehlooho phetha karolo. ntoeng ena e ile ea etsahala phallang bobeli nyatsa, e leng eketsa ho itšehla thajana bona le lehloeo. Empa ka linako tse ling litho tsa lihlopha tse sa tšoaneng ba ile ba fallela ho tloha ho e 'ngoe kapa converging.