Fats: sebopeho, mesebetsi, thepa, mehloli bakeng sa 'mele

Metsoako e ka sehloohong ea lisele tsohle tse phelang - lihaha-'mele, mafura le lik'habohaedreite. Sebopeho, mosebetsi le thepa ya metsoako tsena fana mosebetsi oa bohlokoa oa ho lintho tse phelang polaneteng ea rōna.

Fats e leng ba tlhaho manyolo metsoako , esters tletse glycerine le tse mafura acid le botlaaseng itseng. Ba ho matleng a sehlopha sa lipids. metsoako tsena na palo ya mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea 'mele' me ke ba bohlokoa haholo karolo ea lijo batho.

tlhophiso

Fats, sebopeho le thepa ea eona e ho dumella ho sebelisa bakeng sa lijo, arotsoe ka liphoofolo le meroho ka tlhaho. Ea bobeli ke e bitswang oli. Ka lebaka la ho dikahare tse phahameng tsa mafura acid unsaturated ke le boemong ba mokelikeli. Mokhelo - oli ea palema.

Ke ho ba teng ha acid itseng, lipids arohane ka ba phelelang (stearic acid e, acid e palmitic) kapa unsaturated (oleic acid e, arachidonic, linoleic, palmitoleic, linoleic).

sebopeho

Sebōpeho sa mafura ke triglycerides rarahaneng le lintho lipoid. Ea bobeli ke phospholipid metsoako, 'me sterols. Triglyceride - Ester komponeng ea glycerin le asiti mafura sebopeho le litšobotsi tse laolwang ke thepa ea mafura.

Sebōpeho sa limolek'hule tsa mafura ka mokgwa kakaretso bontšoa ke moralo wa:

CH2-OˉCO-R '

ke

Khong-CO-R ''

ke

CH2-OˉCO-R '' ',

Oo R - acid e nonneng tse khōlō.

Ea ho hlophisoa le sebopeho sa mafura ka sebopeho lona na tharo unbranched khōlō ka esita le palo ea liathomo k'habone. Phelelang mafura acid ba atisa ho hlahisoa stearic le palmitic, unsaturated - linoleic, linolenic le oleic.

thepa

Fats, sebopeho le thepa ea eona e ikemiselitse ke boteng ba phelelang ho le unsaturated mafura acid, na le litšobotsi tse 'meleng le lik'hemik'hale. Ha ba itšoara ka metsi, empa ka ho feletseng bole ka solvents manyolo. Saponified (hydrolyzed) haeba ba ka setimi, e acid e diminerale kapa a alkali. Nakong karabelong joalo hlahisa acid tse mafura kapa letsoai bona le glycerol. emulsion ea thehoa ka mor'a e susumetsang ka matla ka metsi, mohlala oa sena ke lebese.

Fats ke hoo e ka bang lekanang le boleng ba mafolofolo a 9.1 kcal / g, kapa 38 J / g. Ha re fetolela makgabane tsena ka litsupa meleng, matla a lokolloa lebelo la 1 g, ea mafura, e ne e tla lekana ho hōlisa 1 mitha thepa bekha lik'hilograma 3900.

Fats le sebopeho bona limolek'hule rerang thepa tsa bona tsa motheo, ba le phahameng tshebediso ya matla, ha e bapisoa le lik'habohaedreite kapa liprotheine. Complete ho kena moea oa 1 g, ea mafura lokolloa ha metsi le carbon dioxide lateloa ke habeli le khumo eneji, le sa combustion tsoekere. Bakeng sa lipolysis hlokahalang e itseng eo di ea lik'habohaedreite le oksijene.

Ka batho le mafura a mang liphoofolo tse anyesang - e mong oa ba fanang ka thepa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa matla. E le hore a ikakhele ka setotsoana ka intestine le, ke ke ho hlokahala emulsification ka ho ba le letsoai bile acid e.

mesebetsi

Ka liphoofolo tse anyesang mafura phetha bohlokoa karolo ea, sebopeho le mosebetsi wa metsoako tsena ka makala le tsamaiso ea ba le meelelo e fapaneng:

1. phepelo matla. This mosebetsi - ka sehloohong bakeng sa mafura. Ka lebaka la ho dikahare phahameng matla, ba ile ba ba ho mofani molemo ka ho fetisisa "mafura". Metšoasong li bakoa ke deposition ka mokgwa wa mobung.
2. Tšireletso. Adipose dinama tse nyenyane tse aparela 'mele' me kahoo u se ke ua lumella ho lemala bona le concussion, nolofatsa le monya tshusumetso kantle.
3. Thermal kwahelang. Fats na tlaase mogote conductivity le hona, le lule le mofuthu la 'mele le mo sireletsa hypothermia.

Ho phaella ho mesebetsi tsena tse tharo tsa motheo, mafura phetha maloa poraefete. metsoako tsena ho boloka mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea lisele, ho etsa mohlala, ho fana ka elasticity le letlalo ka bophelo bo botle, ho ntlafatsa boko mosebetsi. lisele tse Membranous le organelles subcellular boloke sebopeho bona le ho sebetsa ka lebaka la ho sebetsa ha mafura. Divithamini A, D, E le K ka fumanoa feela ka ho ba teng ha bona. Kgolo ya, ntshetsopele le mosebetsi ho ikatisa e boetse ke haholo-holo itšetlehile ka ho ba teng ha mafura.

ho hlokahala hore 'mele ea ho

Hoo e ka bang karolo ea boraro ea ditjeo matla a 'mele ea ho etsa mafura, eo sebopeho dumella ho rarolla bothata bona ha re hlophisa lijo. Manolotsoeng tsa hlokahalang ea letsatsi le letsatsi o nahanela mofuta oa mosebetsi le lilemo li motho eo. Ka hona, ka ho fetisisa mafura ke ke ho hlokahala hore bacha ba lebisa mekhoa mafolofolo, tse kang baatlelete kapa banna ba kopanela tsa mosebetsi o boima le boima ba 'mele. Ha bophelo ba sedentary kapa tšekamelo ea ho ba botlalo ba palo ea tsona e lokela ho fokotsoa hore e qoba ho botenya le mathata a amanang.

Ho boetse ke habohlokoa ho nahana ka sebōpeho sa mafura. Le ea bohlokoa haholo ke karo-karolelano ea acid unsaturated le ba phelelang. Tabeng ea ho qetela ea noang ho tlōla ba metabolism mafura sitisa ea ka tšebetso ea pampitšana gastrointestinal, eketsa monyetla oa ho ketsahalo ya atherosclerosis. acid Unsaturated na le phello e fapaneng le: a khutlise metabolism a tloaelehileng, ho tlosa k'holeseterole e. Empa tšebeliso e mpe ea isang indigestion, ponahalo ea majoe ka nyooko senya le pampitšana excretory.

mehloli

Hoo e ka bang tsohle lijo tse nang le mafura, ho haha ba ka tshebetso e ka ba fapaneng. The ntle le mabaka a ba meroho, litholoana, lino tse tahang, mahe a linotši le ba bang. Products tse arotswe:

• Sebete (dikgerama 40 kapa ho feta ka dikgerama 100 tsa sehlahisoa). sehlopha sena se akarelletsa botoro, margarine e, lard, nama tse mafura, mefuta e itseng ea disoseji, linate le tse ling.
• Karolelano ea mafura dikahare (20 ho 40 g, ka ho ya ka 100 g, sehlahisoa). The Group emela tranelate, mafura bolila tranelate, Cottage chisi, mefuta e 'maloa ea chisi, disoseji, nama, likhantsi, chokolete, mahobe a, halvah le lipompong tse ling.
• Tlase mafura a (dikgerama 20 kapa ka tlaase ho ka 100 g, sehlahisoa). Ba kenyeletsa: raese, buckwheat, linaoa, linaoa, bohobe, khoho, mahe, tlhapi, li-mushroom, lihlahisoa ho fetisisa tse entsoeng ka lebese le ba bang.

Hape ke ea bohlokoa sebōpeho sa mafura lik'hemik'hale, e leng se bontšang hore na acid e ka ho khetheha. Motheong ena, ba ka 'na ba ba phelelang, unsaturated le polyunsaturated. Pele e fumanoang ka lihlahisoa tse nama, lard, chokolete, mafura le qhibilihile, oli ea palema, oli ea kokonate le botoro. The acid unsaturated ba teng le ka nama likhoho, ea mohloaare, tsa cashew, peanut, sa mohloaare oli. Polyunsaturated - walnuts, lialmonde, pecans, dipeo, tlhapi, hammoho le ka sonobolomo, flaxseed, rapeseed, poone, k'hothone le oli soybean.

phepo e nepahetseng

Features ya sebopeho sa mafura lokela ho dumellana le sete ya melao ha le ntse le ka ba ho ja. Litsebi tsa phepo ho kgothaletsa bona khomarela kamano ea lintho tse latelang:

• Monounsaturated - ho fihlela ho halofo ea palo kakaretso ea mafura;
• Polyunsaturated - kotara;
• Phelelang - kotara.

Tabeng ena, meroho, mafura a lokela ho etsa ho fihlela ka 40% ea lijo, e leng phoofolo e - 60-70%. batho ba hōlileng ba lokela ho eketsa ka palo ea pele ho 60%.

Ho fokotsa kapa tsa kgetholla ho tloha seratsoana sa lokela transfats. Di ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka tlhahisong ea disouse, mayonnaise, lihlahisoa confectionery. mafura kotsi tlas'a mocheso le matla haholo le ho kena moea. Ba ka ba fumanang ka gela gela gela French, dita litapole, makoenya le diphae le tse ling. D. From lethathamo lena kaofela dihlahiswa kotsi ka ho fetisisa, ho ba lokisetsa ho ea tse hlahile ka rancid kapa tse ngata ka makhetlo a oli sebediswa.

Useful boleng

Fats, sebōpeho sa eo e fana ka bang halofo ea matla a kakaretso ea 'mele, na a' maloa a makgetha a ho le thuso:

• K'holeseterole tlatsetsa k'habohaedreite metabolism molemo 'me e fana ka tswakana ya metsoako ea bohlokoa - tlas'a tšusumetso ea hae e hlahisitseng adrenal steroid hormone;
• ka bang 30% ea mocheso hlahiswa ka 'mele oa motho e sootho mafura dinama tse nyenyane tse sebakeng sa molaleng le morao e ka holimo;
• pela le ntja refractory mafura, phekola mafu a matšoafo, ho akarelletsa le lefuba ba diso ea matšoafo;
• phospholipid le glyukolipidnye metsoako li kenyelelitsoe lisele tsohle, ba tsa maiketsetso ka litho tsa tshilong ya dijo le ho thibela sebopeho sa k'holeseterole plaques boloka mosebetsi sebete;
• leboha phosphatides le sterols tshehetswa ka kamehla lintho tsa motheo sebopeho cytoplasmic ea lisele tsamaiso ea methapo, 'me tsa maiketsetso a vithamine D.

Kahoo, mafura ke ea bohlokoa motsoako ka ja lijo batho.

Feteletseng le khaello

Fats, sebopeho le mosebetsi wa metsoako tsena li molemo feela ka tshebediso e leka-lekaneng. botlallong ba bona thusa hore ho botenya - le bothata hore ke ea bohlokoa ho ea linaheng tsohle pele. boloetse Sena se etsa hore boima ba 'mele e ile ea eketseha,' mele fokotseha ka tsamaiso le ho senyeha ka bophelo bo botle. Ho eketsa kotsi ea atherosclerosis, cardiac ischemia, kgatelelo ya madi. Botenya le liphello tsa eona hangata ho feta mafu a mang a bolaeang.

Khaello ea mafura ka ho ja le thusa hore ho ka ho senyeha ha letlalo, liehisa khōlo le tsoelo-pele ea 'mele oa ngoana, sitisa tsamiso ya ho ea ka tšebetso ea tsamaiso ea ho ikatisa, sitisa le k'holeseterole e metabolism tloaelehile, a etsa hore atherosclerosis, sitisa boko le tsamaiso ea methapo ka kakaretso.

Tšoanetseng na mwango ya lijo, e nahane ka litlhoko tsa ba phelang ka mafura a ka thusa ho thibela mafu a mangata le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo. Ke habohlokoa ka tsela e itekanetseng tshebediso ya bona, ntle ho feteletseng le khaello.