E tummeng Oka Terraced Reserve? Liphoofolo le limela Oka Terrasny pokello

Ka bohareng ba XX lekholong la lilemo la (1948) e ile a etsa qeto ea ho fetola pokello kgolo, teng ka Suburbs, ka lik'hamphani tse hlano tse arohaneng. Ka linako tse thata bakeng sa paballo ya mofuta (1951) ka Moscow Region 4 mehloli ne felisoa. Ho tloha ka nako eo, Oka Terraced Reserve - e le eena feela ka Suburbs ena.

O ile a tsamaea ka marangrang khōlō ea mehloli biosphere ke UNESCO. Ka February 1979, o ile a amohela lengolo le.

From historing ea rarahaneng ea

Terraced Oka Biosphere Reserve qala mesebetsi lona ka June 1945, pele e le karolo ea lefapha la bo boloketsoe.

Ka mor'a ho fumana boemo ba mesebetsi lona biosphere haholo o ahlame, kahoo ka 1984 godu seteishene semelo sa go baya leitlho e bōpiloe mona, e ne e le ntho e ka sehloohong ea ho shebisisa boemo ba leholimo 'me ba bonoa ho silafatsa le dintho tse kotsi, tse ka' na kena tšimong ea

Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-70-ogy Terraced Oka Biosphere Reserve o ile a qala ho khanna go baya leitlho ea tikoloho ka boemo ba phahame bottler.

mesebetsi

Ba bangata ba babali ba rona ba tla tseba joang hore o sebetse mekhatlo tsena likarolong tse fapaneng tsa naha ya rona. Haeba o na le thahasello ho feta tummeng Oka Terraced Reserve, ho qala ka, a re ke re fumana hore na mesebetsi e ba ile ba abeloa ho mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng.

Ea pele ke sa ho pholosa e ikhethang rarahaneng tsa tlhaho, tse tloaelehileng sebakeng seo.

Ema ho ithuta lintho tse phelang tikolohong ea Reserve le libakeng tsa lona tsa boahelani. Khutliso le ts'ireletso ea liphoofolo tlhaho le limela.

Ho ithuta, ho ikatisa ho hasa ho tikoloho ea bona ea pele ea bison European.

Joalokaha u ka bona, esita le ka lebaka la mesebetsi eo u ka atamela ba bang ba etsa liqeto ka hore na e tummeng Oka Terraced Reserve.

Nakong ea histori lona nako e telele, ho e na le mosebetsi oa ho bona tsosoloso e le paballo ea seoelo tloaelehileng bakeng sa mefuta ena tikolohong eo. Le ka lebaka la mosebetsi ona rarahaneng le e litsobotsi li ngata ka matlafatso bohlokoa tsa liphoofolo tsa sebaka Moscow.

Aboriginal lebaka la libaka tsena - the Beaver - e le qalo ea XX lekholong la lilemo la e ile ya hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng khaola ka e le setsi sa ea Russia Plain. Ho busetsa ho sebaka sireletsa ka 1948 tlisa li-beaver 4 disampole tsa pokello ea motseng oa Voronezh. Lilemo tse supileng hamorao (1955) ba ile ba baahi ba nang le lipara 2 ba lesika Serussia.

Ka 1962, liphoofolo tsena ba ile ba qala ho lula. Se ka 1973 ho na le e ne e le karolong e ka boroa Moscow baahi, baloang beaver 110 ka 30 metsana ka melatswana tsa Oka. Ka October 2003, ka ntle ho naha ea pokello, e seterekeng Serpukhov, ho na le se a ntse a ne ba 68 metsaneng ea liphoofolo tsena baloang 329 motho ka mong.

maemo a klimate

Terraced Oka Biosphere Reserve, e photo photo photo photo eo u ka bona sehloohong sena, e fapaneng mocheso kontinenteng boemo ba leholimo. Sebakeng sena, nakong ea mariha e tekano frosty, 'me nakong ea lehlabula ba mofuthu. Ka karolelano ea selemo le selemo moea mocheso ha ho tsoha ka holimo - 3,9 ° C. Khoeli ea chesang - July (+17,7 ° C), le o batang ka January (10,5 ° C). Palo e kahodimodimo mocheso - +38 ° C, bonyane - -43 ° C. The pula ea selemo le selemo e ka tlase ho 500 limilimithara ba pula. The bokima jwa sekoahelo lehloa, le hlahang qetellong ea November le tla eo ka April, 55 cm,.

tlisang liphallelo

Terraced thoteng, ka bonolo sekamisoa ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa. Tlisang liphallelo vypolozhenny terraces. Karolo ea bath ya ea liphallelo ea e bohareng le e ka leboea likarolo tse ling tsa pokello ea ke sinkholes tse etsahalang libakeng tseo mashala haufi-ufi overlie lejoe la mokoetla.

Ho ea liphallelo ea terraces boroa ba tšoauoa ka maralla a lehlabathe le lifate, e leng hlaha ho limithara tse 10-15 holimo, libakeng tse ka tlaase haufi.

hydrology

Tšimo pokello e sa tšoauoa ka palo e khōlō ea matamo. Moo linōka tse 'maloa tse nyenyane fuoa metsi a tlaase ea letšeng le mokhoabo oo e seng mekae. The linoka kholo ka ho fetisisa - Ponikovka le Todenka, eo nka simolohile kantle pokello ea, bolelele ba eona e ka 9 km SE, bophara mabapi 4 m.

Matša le di le kholo ka ho fetisisa le Sirnovskoe Protovskoe. Ka mocheso tsa lehlabula le matša a omella hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng. Mokhoabong lula karolo e nyenyane sebakeng seo (ka tlase ho 1%).

Liphoofolo Oka Terrasny pokello

Native mefuta - likhama, e neng e ka ho feletseng felisa sebakeng sa ho ea qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la XIX. Ho tsosolosa e, ka Oka Reserve Terraced lipara 2 ea liphoofolo tsena li ne li kenyelletsoa ka 1948. Bona e ile ea lokolloa ka 1950. Ke tšimoloho ea 1957 palo ea liphoofolo tsena ka pokello e fihlile linomoro rekoto - 63. From ena likhama ntlha o ile a qala ho lula ka naheng ea Chekhov le setereke Serpukhov.

Ka 1967 e tsosolositsoeng haufi Moscow likhama baahi e le oa batho ba 157. Ka February 2008 palo ea se sebelisang 170 motho ka mong. mofuta ona wa ka katleho haholo ha qalisoa 'me a khutlela ho liphoofolo le ho tsoma.

likhama

Araba potso e reng: "Seo se tsejoa Oka Terraced Reserve?", Re ka re: ". Keketseho ea baahi ba likhama" Pele Second Ntoa World mefuta ena e ne e le tlaase haholo libakeng tsena. Ka mor'a ntoa, ho bile le potlako kgolo ya ea baahi. Ho qadile ho eketseha ka bohareng ba 1961 - 1300 liphoofolo tse seterekeng Serpukhov, ho akarelletsa le 300 leo ho ahiloeng ho Terraced Oka Reserve.

Ka lebaka segokanyipalo ea phahameng ea liphoofolo tsa ho fedisa ho ne ho mathata a ka le boemo ba morung, hammoho le puso le Elk ka Suburbs Southern. Ho na le e ne e le taba e khōlō 'me ponahalo ea mafu epizootic. Ka mor'a ho ithuta lintlha tse hlakileng ka boemo ba pokello zoologist lv Zablotskaya tsitlella baahi molao oa tsamaiso Elk ke thunya. Mariha ka 1961 o ile a thunngoa phoofolo ka pokello ea 101 le ea 128 - seterekeng Serpukhov. Ka lebaka leo, nakong ea lilemo tse seng kae baahi ba lula ka phahameng ka ho a lumella.

The phofu atileng ka ho fetisisa ea baahi ba pokello e phokojoe. Ho phaella moo, ka sebaka sa eona phela mefuta 11 e fapaneng ya liphoofolo tse anyesang carnivorous, 7 of tse lefatšeng lena phela ka ho sa feleng.

Bats (bo-'mankhane) ba emeloang ke mefuta e 11. Har'a bona - mankhane ba Natterer e, plecotus, metsi, pond, e khubelu, tse nyenyane le tse khubelu vechornytsi le ba bang.

baahi ba ka toka khōlō ea 'mutla, ka seoelo li ka fumanoa' mutla. Ka mor'a ho ba sieo ka nako e telele ile a khutlela Beaver, 'me o thabela ho lula linōka sireletsoa.

bison

Har'a liphoofolo tse anyesang le ahileng Oka Terraced Park, bison, kapa ho ena, e mong oa mofuta oa bona - Bison bonasus L. - entse ho International Red Book, hammoho le ka Red Book la Federation le Serussia.

Ka 1948, M. A. Zablotsky bōptjoa bison ho hlokomela mafahla. Pakane ea hae - ho tsosolosa bison ikatisa mefuta e sa tloaelehang. Pele mesebetsi hlokomela mafahla ba ne ba behelletsoe:

• ho hōlisa le ho lokolla e ka hlaha ka ho mofuta ba bona ba pele phelang, ho fetiswa ha motho ka mong le le matla 'bophelo bo botle lirapa tse ling zoological le jaloang;
• ho atolosoa 'me ho pholosa letamo phatsa ea lefutso ea bison.
• ho etsa lipatlisiso ka ekolotsi, baeloji, ethology bison;
• Ntlafatso le ntshetsopele ya mekhoa e mecha ea ho boloka le ho ho ikatisa ya bison le botlamuoeng, hammoho le tlas'a maemo a tlhaho.

ho hlokomela mafahla e leng ka sebakeng se hectars 200. Bakeng sa maemo a bison mona ke tse haufi le tlhaho. sebakeng seo ho hlokomela mafahla e arotsoe masakeng lekanang. Ba pota-potiloe ke e letlooeng la terata le amana ka ho corridors e telele.

Ka e mong le e pene e na le lelapa bison. Ho na le e motona le, 5 (seoelo 4) tse tšehali le monyenyane likhoeli tse 10. Ebe manamane bison ba aroloa ho bo-'mè ba bona, le ho etsa e le "mocha" mohlape.

Qetellong ea 2009 ka kennel ipotsa tsona 'me o ile a romela libakeng tse sa tšoaneng tsa Russia, Belarus, Ukraine le re ntle 328 purebred bison.

Ka ho hlokomela mafahla a khanna ho etsa lipatlisiso e pharaletseng ka baeloji, ethology bison. Ho phaella moo, Central bison ho hlokomela mafahla a ntse a lokisetsa le ho fana ka koetliso ea litsebi haholo ba tšoanelehang, eo ka nako eo ka katleho ho sebetsa libakeng tse ling.

Bakeng sa lithuto tsa bapisang ka ho hlokomela mafahla kenyeletsa le sehlopha sa linare American.

Flora

Haeba u sa utloisise se tummeng Oka Terraced Reserve lifoto beha ka Likhatiso khethehileng, e tla u thusa ho nahana ka sebōpeho sa libaka tsena tse hlollang. Ka pokello e ho na le ba fetang 950 ba mefuta e fapaneng ya dimela.

Ea lifate tsa tse haholo-holo li neng li atile phaene, a eike, Linden, Aspen, phaene, birch. meru joalo tsoakiloeng koahela ka 93% ya pokello palo yohle.

Ka ba baholo, meru ostepnonnyh hola daea lefielo, bohlooho-moriri Veronica, lefielo, sedge, joalo-joalo D..

Lime-phaene-the oak moru na se hloeke ho tloha maple leaf le undergrowth tsa bereskeleta, Hazel, Honeysuckle, viburnum le sa t. D.

Ho na le e ngata ea ea monokotsoai, ba ahileng Oka Terraced Reserve. Dimela tsa sehlopha sena - Blueberry, Cranberry, Kislichnaya, hammoho le cranberries le blueberries tse hangata ka ho fetisisa a fumanoa merung e ka leboea phaene ea pokello ea.

linonyana

pokello e ngata ea linonyana. Merung e tsoakiloeng ba khetha tiers bona loketseng ka ho fetisisa, moo litsuonyana bona sireletsehileng, ba ile ba ba sireletswa ho sera le moo e ke ho le bonolo ho fumana lijo. Mohlala, jacks ke ka libatana kholo kholo meqhaka sefate le tšekamelo e le litekanyetso pele.

linonyana tse nyenyane tse ja likokoanyana rarolla le mokatong oa bobeli kapa undergrowth, 'me o lokisetsa sephooko lihlaha fatše. Mona o ka fumana Tits le leholo le le lithaha, redstart le sefate pipit, nuthatch le patsi warbler, thrush le zoryanku le ba bang ba bangata.

libaka paballo

E le hore ba fokotsa e le hantle ba le mafolo-folo batho moruo moo libaka pafara ileng ba bōptjoa ka pokello tsa tlhaho tse rarahaneng. sebaka sa eona e le leholo haholo - 4710 ly sebakeng le e bophara ba 2 km. Ho akarelletsa ho floodplain Oka moru literekeng potolohileng tšimong ea.

Sebakeng sena, ho fapana ho pokello ea, o ile a lumella mosebetsi fokolang moruo. Tumello nehiloe ho taolo ya moru, le ho itšeha e tsoelang pele e thibetsoe. mosebetsi oa temo o ile a lumella ka floodplain tsa Oka (e hanetsoeng ho lema naha e ncha). Ho phaella moo, o hanela ho epolloa, tse qotsitsoeng 'me meepo, kaho ea mefuta eohle ea Litsela le mafelo a bakeng sa morero leha e le ofe. Terms ho tšoasa litlhapi le ho tsoma lokela ekelletsa moo ho hokahanngoa le tsamaiso.

mosebetsi oa ho ruta

pokello ke o babatsehang saense botlaaseng bakeng sa likolo tse ngata tse phahameng tsa motse-moholo, hammoho le diinstitusene tsa thuto ea Russia. Mona baithuti mautlwelobotlhoko tloha mafapheng a sa tšoaneng 'me makala a University Moscow State, Moscow temo Academy Timiryazev. Mona baithuti fumana phihlelo ea fakalti likokoana-hloko tsa Moscow State University. Ho phaella moo, ho na le ditsebi ho tswa litsi tse sa tšoaneng ho etsa lipatlisiso. Ke mosebetsi bakeng sa naturalists mocha ka pokello e - lyceums le likolo.

Oka Terraced pokello: ulasan pelanggan moreki

Ho ea ka batho ba o ile a etela sebaka sena ea hlolla, e ileng ba bōptjoa bakeng sa batho ba ratang tlhaho. All ratang ka tsela e makatsang le ka seoelo matsatsing ana e le monyetla oa ho bona botle hloekileng ea sebaka se Moscow le ikhethang, ka linako tse ling le haufi le ho fela, mefuta ea limela le liphoofolo.

Baeti ba kgotsofala hore pokello ea tsamaeang ba tsamaea le itsebisa ba nang le phihlelo ba captivating competently bua ka liphoofolo le limela.

Tse ngata ba tletleba ka hore ka ho hlokomela mafahla bison ho tsamaea hole haholo, 'me o ile a eletsa tsamaiso ea ho lokisetsa ba bang ba tsamaisa ho pota sebakeng sena.