Detergents

Tlhahiso ea detergents a qala nakong ea Pele ea Lefatše Ntoa Jeremane. Russia, e phofo pele e ile ea lokolloa ka 1953. E ne e bitsoa "News" le akarelletsa lihlahisoa tswang kashalotovogo hydrogenated mafura.

Maiketsetso detergents ke multicomponent metsoako ea lintho. ditharollo bona ea metsi a sebelisoang bakeng sa ho decontamination. Maiketsetso detergents kenyeletsa hangata (ntle le metsoako kotloloho detergent - surfactant) letsoai ea acid inorganic (carbonates, phosphates), e leng ntlafatsa mosebetsi oa motsoako. Ho feta moo, ditharollo kenyelletsoa ka bleach tera h metsoako, antifoams kapa a ntsha lehulo mahlahana, colorants, flavors, 'me ba bang.

Holim mahlahana a sebetsang a (kapa surfactants) ke manyolo metsoako eo ba le phello e holim'a metsi. Ba khona ho theha tharollo Semi le bubble. Holim mahlahana a sebetsang a thusa ho fokotsa ea metsi tsitsipano holim, ka tsela eo e ntseng e eketseha ea wetting thepa ya metsi.

Motsoako bakeng sa ho hloekisa e arotsoe 'maloa mefuta:

1. Alkilammoniyhloridy.
2. Alkylarylsulfonates.
3. Alkylsulfonates.
4. Sulfates.
5. carbonates Alkyl (sesepa).

Sesepa e hlahisoang ke hloekisa mafura tala. Sulfonates le sulfates - e detergents maiketsetso. tlhakantsuke ya All hlalositsoeng ka holimo ba hlotjhwa ka mekgahlelo ka ionic (lijenereithara Ion) dintho. ba bola ka tharollo ea metsi (dissociated) ka ions.

Ho na le boetse ho na le batho bao e seng ionic motsoako. Ha ba dissociate ka metsi, empa qhalwa ho ya ka sona. Sena ke ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha lihlopha hydrophilic ka molek'hule ea (OH, mohlala) ka chelete e kholo.

surfactants Nonionic ka 'na ba se hlahang ho yona tlhaho kapa maiketsetso. A ho qetela - lithethefatsi OH dihlopha thehoa ethylene oxide e le phenols, mafura alcohols.

Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore surfactants ke metsoako e ka sehloohong tse etsang detergents, ho hloekisa le phello ea bona e fokolang ka bohona. Tabeng ena, ho ntlafatsa mosebetsing oa eketsa ho motsoako alkaline le ho se nke lehlakore matsoai, brighteners, enzyme (potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale) bubble stabilizers.

Ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha matsoai alkaline e ntlafatsoa colloidal sebopeho le tharollo emulsifying bokhoni. dikarolo tsena tlatsetsa detergent feta robust ka likaroloana tšilafalo filimi. Ho feta moo, ka lebaka la letsoai a alkali ya metsi a nolofatsa le baka tikoloho e loketseng hloekisa (hlatsoa) ya lisele tse fapaneng. Ka mohlala, bakeng sa ho hlatsoa line le tsa k'hothono, lihlahisoa ke expedient ho sebelisa moemeli ka matla alkaline (trisodium phosphate, soda).

Hexametaphosphate bopa e le karolo ea tikoloho detergent hanyenyane asiti. maemo ana ke a molemo haholo bakeng sa ho hlatsoa le boea.

Sodium sulfate e classified e le fillers. dikarolo tsena kenya letsoho hore ho ho ntlafatsa sebopeho ya ditharollo colloidal. Tshebediso ya soeufala mahlahana ka additives felisa ho hlokahala bluing hlatsoetsoang liaparo teng.

Bakeng sa tsitsisoa le ntlafatso ea thepa a ntsha lehulo tsa detergents sebediswa alkylolamides - bubble stabilizers.

Ho na le mefuta e meraro e ka sehloohong ea detergents maiketsetso. Ka ho fetisisa e atisa ho sebelisoa ho hlatsoa phofo motsoako. detergents mokelikeli joale ntse tsebisoa mebaraka ya dikhemikhale ba ntlo ea ka mafolofolo. motsoako Pasty hona joale o sebelisoang tlase khafetsa.

Har'a tse khōlō mosebedisi thepa ea detergent metsoako ka ho builoeng detergency, antiresorbtsionnuyu (bokhoni ba ho boloka mobu ka tharollo) le a ntsha lehulo mosebetsi. Hape ke habohlokoa ho ph ya tharollo mahareng.