Desensitizing mahlahana a: lethathamo le tlhaloso

Desensitizing mahlahana (antiallergics, antihistamines) - lithethefatsi tse 'nileng tsa sebelisoa ka ho phekola maemo alejiki. The mochine ea nkang khato ea mokhoa oa joalo e bontšoa ka sebōpeho sa thibela ho receptors H1-histamine. Ka lebaka leo, e hatelloang tsa litla histamine - ka sehloohong mokena-lipakeng ntho hore e fana ka ho fetisisa tsa ponahalo ea matšoao a alejiki.

Histamine tsejoa ho tswa lisele phoofolo ka 1907, ka 1936, 'me ho, le lithethefatsi tsa pele li sibolloa tse thibang phello ea ntho ena. lithuto tse ngata li bontša hore e ka khahlamelo ea eona gistaminoretseptory matšoafo tsamaiso, letlalo le mahlo a baka matšoao a tloaelehileng kulisoa le antihistamines ka thibela itsoara joang ka sena.

Classification ba mahlahana desensitizing ka mochine oa litla ka mefuta e fapaneng ya kulisoa:

• Meriana tsa hang-hang mofuta kulisa.

• Meriana tsa lieha-mofuta hypersensitivity.

Meriana bakeng sa hang-hang mofuta kulisa

1. Agents hore thibela metsoako lokolloa ha mediators alejiki ho tloha lisele tse boreleli mesifa le basophilic, ba ile ba hlokomela thibelo ya cytotoxic phorosela tsa alejiki itšoara joang :

• β1-Adrenomimeticalkie chelete;

• glucocorticoid;

• myotropic antispasmodic litla.

2. Stabilizers seleng ea lera la.

3. blockers H1-histamine lisele tse receptor.

4. Desensitizing.

5. The inhibitors ea tsamaiso motlatsi.

Mahlahana a ho nka bohato ka lieha-mofuta hypersensitivity

1. NSAIDs.

2. Glucocorticoid.

3. Cytotoxic.

pathogenesis tsa allergy

Ntshetsopeleng pathogenetic tsa allergy phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ea histamine e tsa maiketsetso tloha histidine le e beha ka basophils (lisele tse palo), e dinama tse nyenyane tse connective (ho akarelletsa mali) li-platelet, eosinophils, lymphocytes, le maro a likokoana-hloko. Histamine ka lisele tsa tsona li emeloang mohato deaktivnoy kopantswe le liprotheine le polysaccharides. E lokolloa ka lebaka la ho phetha molao sekoli seleng, liphetoho boitshireletso, tlas'a tšusumetso ea lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale le meriana. Inactivation le hlaha ka tsela histaminase lona ya dinama tse nyenyane tse mucosal. Activating H1 receptors e excites phospholipids lera. Ka lebaka lik'hemik'hale, e leng maemo a kenya letsoho hore ho ho kenella ka hare ea ka seleng e Ca, 'me liketso qetellang ka mesifa boreleli honyele.

Ho nka bohato gistaminoretseptory H2 histamine isang mafolofolo nakong adenylate cyclase le eketseha ka lisele tlhahiso ea liahelo, ho etsa hore keketseho ea secretion ea mucosa gastric. Kahoo, itseng desensitizing mahlahana a sebelisetsoang ho fokotsa secretion ea HCl.

Histamine hlahisa capillary katoloso e fana ka kholiso e lumellang metsi ho kena tsa marako vascular, edematous arabela, fokotsa lero la mali bophahamo ba modumo, e leng isang thickening ea phokotso khatello ea mali ka methapo ea, bronchial mesifa boreleli khutsufatso lera ka lebaka la ho teneha H1 gistaminoretseptorov; matlafatsang adrenaline lokolloa, ka potlako ho otla ha pelo.

Ho nka bohato ka H1 receptors tsa marako endothelial capillary, histamine bei prostacyclin, ho kgothaletsa rengwa likepe tse nyenyane (haholo-holo venules) Escrow mali ho eona, le tlohele ka e potoloha mali bophahamo ba modumo, sena etsa bonnete ba hore ho lokolloa ha lero la mali, liprotheine le lisele tsa mali ka mabota le atolositse mezhendotelialnogo sebaka.

Ho tloha mashome a mahlano ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. le hitherto desensitizing litokisetso inehela liphetoho tse pheta-phetiloeng. Bo-rasaense ba ile ba khona ho etsa meriana e mecha le litla mmalwa lehlakoreng le lethathamo la bokgoni le ho feta. Ka ho ba sethaleng jwale, ho na le lihlopha tse tharo tse ka sehloohong ea lithethefatsi antiallergic: pele, moloko o mong ea bobeli le ea boraro.

Desensitizing mahlahana a moloko oa pele

Desensitizing mahlahana 1st isa molokong o mong habonolo feta mali-boko mokoallo (BBB) le tse amanang ho gistaminoretseptorami cortex. desensitizing ena tlatsetsa ho litla sedative, tse kang ka mokgwa wa le ho otsela ba banyenyane, le ka sebōpeho sa boroko e hlaphohileng. Medsredstva isa molokong o mong 1st ekelletsa moo ama psychomotor boko itšoara joang. Ka lebaka lena, ho sebelisa ha bona e felle feela ka lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa bakuli.

E eketsehileng mpe ntlha e boetse ke bohato tlhōlisano le acetylcholine, hobane lithethefatsi tsena li ka kopana le dipheletso muscarinic methapo ea kutlo e acetylcholine. Ho joalo, ntle le bakeng sa bohato thobang oa lithethefatsi tsena li ka etsa hore omileng molomo, pipitlelano, le tachycardia.

Desensitizing isa molokong o mong 1st ka masene tseo ke li behetsoeng glaucoma, liso tsa ka maleng, lefu la pelo, le ka hammoho le oa antidiabetic le lithethefatsi psychotropic. Ha baa lokela ho nka matsatsi a fetang leshome ka lebaka la ho matla a ho etsa hore ho lemalla.

Desensitizing mahlahana a isa molokong o mong 2nd

lithethefatsi tsena li ka ba le amana phahameng haholo le receptors le histamine, 'me thepa e khetha, ka hona, ha ho nka bohato ka receptors le muscarinic. Ho phaella moo, ba ile ba ba tšoauoa ka ho kenella ka hare tlaase ka mose ho BBB le ha li lemalla, u se ke ua hlahisa robatseng (ka linako tse ling ba bang ba bakuli ba le matla a ho habonolo ho otsela).

Qetellong ea mokete oa ba le phello phekolo ea lithethefatsi ka lula matsatsi a 7.

Ba bang ba rua litla-ba khahlanong le a hlabang, cardiotonic sebediswa. The bozangi litomba bobeli hloka taolo ea tsamaiso ea pelo le methapo nakong ea kenoa bona.

Desensitizing mahlahana boraro (tse ncha) isa molokong o mong

moloko o mocha oa lithethefatsi antisense ba tšoauoa ka e le selectivity phahameng ho gistaminoretseptoram. Ha ba bakela robatseng me ha aa ka ama lijana pelo le mali.

Tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsena e bile ka boeona e ka nako ya nako e telele antiallergic phekolo - kalafo ya alejiki rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria, dermatitis.

Desensitizing lithethefatsi bakeng sa bana

Allergy meriana bakeng sa bana bao e leng ba sehlopha H1-blockers, kapa lithethefatsi antisense - ka lithethefatsi o ne a rerile bakeng sa kalafo a itšoare tse fapa-fapaneng alejiki 'meleng oa ngoana. Ka sehlopha see sa meriana hlaheletseng:

• Ke o mong.

• II o mong.

• III o mong.

Litokisetso bakeng sa bana ba le - molokong o mong ka ke

Seo ho na le desensitizing lithethefatsi? Thathamisa bona tse hlahisoang ka tlase:

• "Fenistil" - rekomenovan bakeng sa bana ba baholoanyane ho feta khoeli ka sebōpeho sa marotholi.

• "Diphenhydramine" - fetang likhoeli tse supileng.

• "Suprastin" - fetang selemo se le seng. Pele o ile a khethoa feela foromo injectable le feela tlas'a tlhokomelo ya kalafi tsa ngaka.

• "Fenkarol" - fetang lilemo tse tharo.

• "Diazolin" - ka lebaka la ho le lilemo li peli.

• "Clemastine" - ka lebaka la ho le lilemo li tšeletseng, ka mor'a likhoeli tse 12. ka sebopeho sa sirapo le ente.

• "Tavegil" - ka lebaka la ho le lilemo li tšeletseng, ka mor'a likhoeli tse 12. ka sebopeho sa sirapo le ente.

Litokisetso bakeng sa bana - II Moloko

The lithethefatsi atileng ka ho fetisisa desensitizing la mofuta ona:

• "Zyrtec" - likhoeli tse fetang tse tšeletseng ka sebōpeho sa lerotholi le fetang lilemo tse tšeletseng ka Letlapa foromo.

• "Claritin" - fetang lilemo tse peli.

• "Aerius" - selemo ho feta feta a le mong ka mokgwa wa sirapo, 'me tse fetang leshome le metso e lilemo tse ka Letlapa foromo.

Litokisetso bakeng sa bana - III isa molokong o mong

Desensitizing mahlahana a mofuta ona a kenyeletsa:

• "Astemizole" - fetang lilemo tse peli.

• "Terfenadine" - lilemo tse fetang tse tharo ka sebōpeho sa emisitswe ho le lilemo tse fetang tse tšeletseng letlapeng foromo.

Re tšepa hore sehlooho sena se ke ka ho tlhopho ya lithethefatsi-ba khahlanong le alejiki le hore 'mele oa ngoana (mme e seng feela) ho thusa tsamaea le ho etsa khetho e nepahetseng. Leha ho le joalo, re lokela ho hlokomela hore pele ho tšebeliso ea meriana e joalo e lokela ho ba bonnete ba hore bala ditaelo, e leng o ka sebetsana le potso e reng: "desensitization lithethefatsi - ke eng?". O lokela hape batla keletso ea bongaka.