Cholinergic synapses: sebopeho, mosebetsi

synapses Cholinergic ke sebaka seo ho na le ho ikopanya le pakeng tsa methapo ea kutlo tse peli kapa liseleng tsa neuronal le effector bozongisela pontšo. synapse e entsoe ka lera tse pedi - presynaptic le postsynaptic, hammoho le ho tswa lefarung synaptic. Phetiso ea litakatso tsa methapo ea kutlo e phethahatsoa ka ho ba le mokena-lipakeng, i.e. e fetisang ntho. Hlahellang ke sebelisana tsa receptor le neurotransmitter ka lera postsynaptic. Sena ke mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa synapses cholinergic.

Mokena-lipakeng le receptors

The NA parasympathetic neurotransmitter ke acetylcholine receptors - mefuta e 'meli ea receptors cholinergic: H (bokoali) le M (muscarine). M-cholinomimetics ho ba le e tobileng mofuta bohato ka 'na a tsosa receptors ka mofuta postsynaptic lera.

Tswakana tsa acetylcholine o etsoang ka cytoplasm tsa dipheletso cholinergic neuronal. Ho Ho thehoa ho tswa choline le atsetilkoenzima-A, e nang le hlahang ho yona mitochondrial. Tswakana le hlaha tlas'a ketso ea cytoplasmic potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale choline. The vesicles synaptic le hlaha deposition ya acetylcholine. Ka mong le e mong bubble tsena e ka ba ho fihlela ho limolek'hule likete tse 'maloa tsa acetylcholine. The methapo ea kutlo tšusumetso e tsoang ho di hlohleletsago ho lokolloa ha acetylcholine ka synaptic limolek'hule lefarung. Ka mor'a moo, ho kena sebelisana le receptors acetylcholine. Sebōpeho sa cholinergic le synapse ikhethang.

sebopeho

Ho ea ka ya data, e leng di a fumaneha bakeng sa biochemists, acetylcholine receptor neuromuscular synapse ka kenyelletsa subunits protheine tse hlano hore a lika-liketse e Ion le kanaleng le eketsa ka botenya eohle ea lera ka e entsoeng ka lipid ka. Para ea limolek'hule acetylcholine kopana le e para ya α-subunits. Sena se etsa hore 'nete ea hore o bula Ion le kanaleng le lera postsynaptic e depolarized.

Types of synapses cholinergic

receptors Cholinergic ba localized ka litsela tse fapaneng 'me e tšoanang ka litsela tse ngata nahanela liphello tsa mahlahana diokobatsi. Ho latela phapang ena:

• Maskarinochuvstvitelnye cholinergic receptors - ho thoeng receptors M-cholinergic. Ke alkaloid muscarine tlholeho palo chefo masheromo, Amanita mohlala.
• Nikotinochuvstvitelnye holinoretseptora - ho thoeng receptors H-cholinergic. Bokoali ke alkaloid fumanoa ka makhasi koae.

sebaka bona

Pele sebakeng sa postsynaptic lera seleng e entsoe ka makala a effector. Ba leng teng ka dipheletso tsa likhoele postganglionic parasympathetic. Ho phaella moo, ba boetse ba na le liseleng neural, autonomic ganglia le ka cortex bokong. Ho ile ha fumanoa hore receptors M-cholinergic ya selegae le fapaneng tse heterogeneous, e isang ho nahanela fapaneng ho boleng ba sebele ba synapses cholinergic diokobatsi tlhaho.

Mefuta ho itšetlehile ka lefelo

Biochemists na le mefuta e 'maloa ea receptors M-cholinergic:

• Sebakeng ganglia autonomic le tsamaiso ea bohareng tšohile. Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea pele ke hore ba leng teng ntle ho synapses - M1-cholinergic receptors.
• Located pelong. Ba bang ba bona thusa fokotsa ho lokolloa ha acetylcholine - receptors M2-cholinergic.
• Sebakeng sa mesifa le boreleli, le ka ho fetisisa tsa litsoelesa le endocrine - the receptors M3-cholinergic.
• Sebakeng pelo, ka mabota a alveoli methapo, ka CNS - receptors M4-cholinergic.
• Kenngoa ka CNS, ka iris e sa leihlo, litsoelesa mathe, liseleng mononuclear mali - receptors M5-cholinergic.

The ama receptors le cholinergic

Boholo ba litla-fanoeng ke dintho tsebahalang diokobatsi amang receptors M-cholinergic, ka lebaka la ho sebelisana ya dintho tsena le postsynaptic M2 le M3 receptors cholinergic.

Nahana ka tlhophiso ea chelete eo susumelletsa synapses cholinergic tlase.

H-cholinergic receptors teng ka lera ea methapo ea kutlo postsynaptic ka ganglia dipheletso tsa e mong le e likhoele preganglionic (ka parasympathetic le kutloelo-bohloko ganglia), ka sebakeng sa carotid sinus, ka medulla adrenal, ka neurohypophysis, liseleng Renshaw ka mesifa ya marapo. The nahanela ba fapaneng H-cholinergic receptors fapana bakeng sa dintho. Mohlala, receptors H-cholinergic ka dibopeho autonomic ganglia (nke lehlakore mofuta receptors) na ho se tšoane bohlokoa ho tswa receptors H-cholinergic ka ya marapo mesifa (mesifa-mofuta receptors). Ke tšobotsi ena ba lumeletse ho khetha thibela ganglia dintho khethehileng. Mohlala, kurarepodnye ntho khonang ho thibela phetiso ea neuromuscular.

Presynaptic receptors cholinergic le adrenoceptors ameha ka molao oa tsamaiso tshebetso ya ho acetylcholine ho lokolloa ka synapse neuroeffector tlhaho. Tlhotlheletso ya receptors tsena e ne e tla thibela metsoako lokolloa ha acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine a leka ho le receptors H-acetylcholine le fetola conformation bona, eketsa boemo ba e lumellang metsi ho kena tsa lera postsynaptic. Acetylcholine na le phello e susumetsang ho ions le sodium, e leng ka nako phunyeletse ka ka seleng, 'me sena se etsa hore' nete ea hore lera postsynaptic e depolarized. Qalong ho na le lehae ka 'nang synaptic o fihlang ka boleng itseng,' me o qala ho tshebetso ya ho generating le monyetla oa ho nka khato. Ka mor'a moo, thabo ea moo, e leng e feela sebakeng synaptic qala ho hasa ka mose ho lera seleng. Haeba ho na le tlhotlheletso ya M-choline receptor, le karolo ea bohlokoa e bapaloang ke manģosa bobeli le G-liprotheine ka phetiso ea pontšo.

Acetylcholine sebetsang sebakeng sa hae ka nako e khutšoanyane haholo. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore e ka potlako hydrolyzed ke acetylcholinesterase potlakisang tsebetso ea lik'hemik'hale. Choline, e leng e thehoa nakong ea hydrolysis tsa acetylcholine ka halofo bophahamo ba modumo ea seemelong presynaptic e hapa le ho isoa ho cytoplasm bakeng biosynthesis morago ga moo e ba acetylcholine.

Dintho hore ho sebetsa ka synapses cholinergic

Diokobatsi le mefuta e fapaneng ya dikhemikhale ka susumetsa 'maloa a dithulaganyo tse di amanang le phetiso synaptic:

• Process acetylcholine tswakana.
• Process mokena-lipakeng a lokolloe. Mohlala, carbacholine khonang ho matlafatsa acetylcholine ho lokolloa thulaganyong, e botulinum toxin ka 'na thibela metsoako neurotransmitter a lokolloe tshebetso.
• Tshebetso ya ho sebelisana pakeng acetylcholine le choline receptor.
• Hydrolysis tsa acetylcholine mofuta enzymatic.
• The nkhape tsa choline, thehoa ka hydrolysis tsa acetylcholine presynaptic bolaeang. Ka mohlala, a ka thibela metsoako gemiholiny tsa neuron nkhape le lipalangoang tsa choline ka cytoplasm seleng.

tlhophiso

Ho bolela Stimulating le synapses cholinergic, ka fana ka se feela e le hantle, empa anticholinergic (nyahamisa) sebediswa. E le motheo bakeng sa tlhophiso ea lintho tse joalo biochemists sebelisa tataiso ea ketso ea metsoako tsena ka receptors fapaneng cholinergic. Ha ho ikamahanya le molao-motheo e joalo, dintho tse amang receptors cholinergic ka classified e le e latelang:

• Dintho tseo ama receptors M-cholinergic le receptors N-cholinergic: a holinomimetikami ke acetylcholine le carbacholine le ho holinoblokatoram - tsiklodol.
• anticholinesterase mofuta bolela. Tsena li akarelletsa ho salicylate, physostigmine, Neostigmine, galantamine hydrobromide, Armin.
• Dintho tse amang synapses cholinergic. Ke cholinomimetics kenyeletsa pilocarpine hydrochloride le aceclidine ho holinoblokatoram - atropine sulfate, matatsin, tartrate platifillina, ipratropium lethal gene, hydrobromide skopalamina.

• Dintho le vlinyanie receptors H-cholinergic. Ke holinomimetikami ke tsititon le lobeline hydrochloride. H blockers nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ka aroloa lihlopha tse peli. Pele - e bolela tlhaku ganglioblokiruyuschimi. Tsena li akarelletsa benzogeksony, gigrony, pentamin, arfonad, pyrylium. Sehlopha sa bobeli se vkulyuchaet ntho Curariform. Tsena li akarelletsa relaxants mesifa, ho fana ka bohato pheriferale kang tubocurarine chloride, pancuronium lethal gene, lethal gene pipekuroniya.

Re hlahloba ka ho qaqileng mokhoa oa ho amang cholinergic synapses.