Chernihiv-Seversky Principality: libaka sebaka, tsamaiso, metseng e meholo

Chernigov (kapa Chernihiv-Seversky) Principality e 'ngoe ea e re bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, e leng bo qhetsola beng qalong le tloaelehileng la Rurik. The principality lula Amplified metse e 'maloa, hobane qetellong e oela kantle ka fiefdoms nyenyane. Lilemong tsa bo-XIV la Grand Duchy tsa Lithuania e ne e akarelletsa har'a linaha o laoloa Chernihiv-Seversky Principality.

The maemo a likoluoa tsa tlhaho 'me sebaka sa principality ho

Sebaka se ka sehloohong sa ho principality sebakeng beisine ea Desna le Sejm, ba ile ba abeloa bochabela banka ya Dnieper. C. Don bahoebi hulela fihla Lijo lona oela kauwen, 'me ho tloha ho - ka Dnepr. Ho ka khoebo e linōka tsena le tse thehiloeng matleng a bona Chernihiv-Seversky Principality. Baahi ba hiriloe ne tloaelehileng bakeng sa bohareng Russia naha ka nako eo. A karolo e khōlō ea naha lengoa, ho rema le tukang ba morung.

Ka mashome a lilemo, Chernihiv-Seversky Principality kenyelleditswe libakeng tse fapaneng. Ka ho fetisisa ea histori ea eona e leng West, ho ile ha a felle feela linaheng tsa Chernigov, ka bochabela ho tlhōrō ea eona e ne e akarelletsa esita Moore. The bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa la motse oa hae ka mor'a Chernigov fetisisa tsa lipale tsa lula Novgorod-Seversky, ka lilemo tse mashome a ea ho qetela ea ho ba teng ntle ho thuso ea setsi sa puso ena e ne e le Bryansk.

Principality fetoha ikemetseng

Ka lekhetlo la pele Chernihiv ea e-ba setsi sa ho principality arohaneng ka mor'a ntoa ea lehong le thata ka 1024. Ena ke ntoa ea ho qetela le kholo ka ho fetisisa pakeng tsa bara ba St. Vladimir. Nakong ea ntoa Mstislav Ba iteta sefuba qhalakanya Yaroslav Vladimirovich (e Bohlale eo hamorao), empa ba ne ba sa tsoela pele ho loana le e filwe ho nka tlase ho arola naha. Mstislav futsitseng motse o ka sehloohong oa ho feela e bile Chernigov. Empa Chernihiv-Seversky principality ba ne ba sa fumana ha a tobane le ho makatse hore ebe sena se mo reneketsa Prince Tlosa mothehi oa leloko la borena la ho - mora oa hae feela Eustace o ile a shoa pele ho ntate oa hae le ba hae ba ne ba ke ke ba siea majalefa. Kahoo, ha ho 1036 Mstislav ile a hlokahala ka ho tsoma, matlotlo a hae e ne e le ka tlas'a bolaoli ba Yaroslav.

Yaroslav Mudry, joalokaha ho tsebahala, pele ho lefu la hae le arohaneng boemo ba hae har'a bara ba hae. Chernihiv a Svyatoslav. Joale e ile ea e-nakong e tlang ikemetseng Chernihiv-Seversky Principality. Likhosana tsa leloko la borena la hae li ne li bitsoa Olegovichy lebitsong la mora oa hae Svyatoslav Oleg.

Loantša majalefa Yaroslava Mudrogo tsa principality ho

Yaroslav Mudry fetisetsa tse tharo le bara ba hae ba phela ka lefatše. Bara bana (Izyaslav, Vsevolod le Svyatoslav) 'me ho ne khale hoo e ka bang 20 lilemo tse - ba karolo ea Soviet, eo hona joale e bitsoang Triumvirate Yaroslavichy.

Empa ka 1073, ka tšehetso ea Vsevolod, Svyatoslav mohlape Izyaslav me ea e-Grand Duke le momahaneng tlas'a puso ea hae ea Kyiv le Chernihiv-Seversky Principality. Ka mor'a lilemo tse tharo, Svyatoslav shoa ka lebaka o ile a leka ntle ho katleho ho tlosa hlahala. Ebe Vsevolod boelane le Izyaslav khutla Poland, a mo fa terone ea Kiev le ile ea putsoa ka ho mo Chernihiv-Seversky Principality.

barab'abo rōna ba leano la kabobotjha naha e amohuoa bara ba Svyatoslav ea Chernigov. Ba tsamaea hammoho le bona. Ntoa ea makhaola-khang mothating ona e ne e le ntoa ka Nezhatina Field. Ka nako ena, Vsevolod hlōla, Chernihiv-Seversky Principality setseng bakeng sa hae (hammoho le Kiev, hobane Izyaslav bolaoa ke marumo a sera sa).

Tlokotsi ea Oleg Svyatoslavich: mose ho maoatle

Ha ke ntse ke boletsoeng ka holimo, ka qetellong ea mofuta ofe Chernigov-Seversk khosana tsoela toba ke Oleg Svyatoslavich. Empa tsela e eang lefa ntate oa hae e ne e se haholo bonolo.

Ka mor'a ho hlōloa ho Ntoa ea Nezhatina Nive Olegu Baroma le khona ho baleha ho e le lefa la bobeli - Tmutarakan. Empa ka mor'a nakoana oa Roma ha bolaoa ekoa entse selekane le eena, Cumans, Khazars le Oleg tšoara le isoa Constantinople.

Ha ho tsebahale hore na merero ne e le moemphera oa Byzantium ka setloholo Yaroslava Mudrogo, haeba leha e le efe ba ile ba fetoha haholo ka mor'a bofetoheli ba tummeng Varangian Balebeli, e leng ka nako e ne e le matsoalloa a naha Serussia.

Lipolotiking susumellelitse ka ketsahalo ena e ne e se: feela ba masole, ho ba le boemong ba tahiloe, a hlaseloa ka kamoreng moemphera. Puo o ile a hlōleha, barupeluoa ba ne ba tšoarela empa ba isitsoeng kholehong ho tloha motse-moholo, le Varangian Balebeli tloha ka nako eo e ne e sa Anglo-Saxons, ba neng ba balehetse ho tloha Engelane ka mor'a naha hlōloe ke William le mohlōli. Ha ho tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le Oleg kopanela borabeleng boo, empa e boetse e ile a romeloa - sehlekehlekeng sa Rhodes.

Ka tabeng ea Oleg Rhodes butle-butle o ile a qala ho ntlafatsa. O ile a nyala ka moemeli ea moo ea e lelapa le tšusumetso Feofano Muzalon. Ka 1083 o ile a bonahala eka ka thuso ea detachment Byzantium, leleka ho Khazars 'me e ba Tmutarakani se khosana, ha' musisi oa Byzantium.

Tlokotsi ea Oleg Svyatoslavich: khutla ho Chernihiv

Ka 1093 Vsevolod Yaroslavich a shoa 'me Polovtsy hlasela naha Russia, ho akarelletsa le Chernihiv-Seversky Principality, boemo libaka o lumelloa haholo batho metebong ya masabasabeng ho Leoatle le Letšo ho finyella eona. Ho tšehetsa Cumans Oleg Svyatoslavich ho loanela lefa ntate oa hae. Khahlanong le nomads entse mora tummeng Vsevolod Vladimir Monomah.

Selemong se latelang e ne e le Svyatoslavich Chernihiv. O ile a khomaretse ho eena 'me metse e meng ea principality ea, ba ile ba hahlaula naha ka Moore, Rostov' me Suzdal, empa o ne a ile a hlōla ka ho bara Vladimira Monomaha Mstislav le Vyacheslav le Polovtsian (eo hona joale a etsa ka lehlakoreng la Vladimir).

Ho kenya le khotso ho qetela pakeng tsa likhosana Russia, ka 1097 tšoaroa e tummeng Congress ka Lubicz. Ho lumeloa hore a secured tšekamelo ea ho ba le disintegration ea Saint Vladimir lefa la ja lefa la ho. Empa ka sehlooho sena, ho ke ke bohlokwa hore ho Chernihiv-Seversky Principality, ho sa tsotellehe ho hlōloa tsa Oleg, Prince ba ile ba fallela ho qetela ena.

Novgorod Severskij aroloa ho principality

Itseng fragmentation - nako ea kamehla lintoa pakeng tsa likhosana. Hoo e ka bang kaofela ha bona ba ile ba batla ho atolosa HOLDINGS bona, 'me ba bangata - ho nka terone Kiev. Ka mafolofolo akarelletsa lintoa tsena le Chernihiv-Seversky Principality. sebaka libaka (planar ho Kiev le laola karolo ea Dnieper) e ile ba buella. Hobane e ngata principality ba ne ba sentse hape.

principality kgolo tsekolohile ka fiefs nyenyane. Novgorod-Seversky ea e-ba setsi sa ho principality thoko ho feta ho rarolla Congress ea likhosana ka Liubech ka 1097, empa ka nako e telele e ne e le 'musisi oa mojalefa teroneng ka Chernigov. Ka 1164, ka mor'a lefu Svyatoslava Olgovicha, konteraka ea e se e etsa qeto pakeng tsa mora oa hae, Oleg, 'me e moholo oa bo-motsoala Oleg - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. Tumellanong le eona pele ke ile ka ea Chernigov, 'me ea bobeli - Novgorod-Seversky. Kahoo, ka metse ena ba ile ba qala ho busa ho leloko la borena la ikemetseng.

Butle-butle a tsoela pele fragmentation le magosana tsena ka fiefdoms nyenyane.

tlhaselo Batu e

Tsekolohile ka fiefdoms nyane principality ne a ke ke hlōla Tatar-Mongol lebotho la eteletsoe pele ke Batu Khan (ka Serussia neano Batu). Ho na le litlhaloso tse ngata tsa sena, e mong oa ba ka sehloohong - motse e sa kopane ho sa tsotellehe ea sera se le seng. Chernihiv-Seversky principality - le netefatso bonwang.

E e-ba le pakane ea ho otla sera se seholo 1239, empa ba ne ba hlōloa ke ba pele ea lefa la hae leha ho le joalo ka mehleng 1238-m. Ka mor'a hore ho bohloko pele, Prince Mihail Chernigovsky sa itokisetsa ho nyahamisa ba tšoha ka sehloohong. O ile a balehela Hungary, lilemo tse seng kae ka morao, ea ea ho Horde 'me a shoa lebaka la ho hana ho phetha meetlo ea bohetene (ea mo etsa mohalaleli e le mohalaleli moshoela-tumelo), empa ka ntoeng khahlanong le Tatar-Mongol ile mohla lokolloa.

Defense Chernihiv leba pele aspired teroneng ea bohosana motseng Mstislav Glebovich. Empa a se na tšehetso ea hana Chernihiv bang kaofela principality 'me o ne a hlōla, Mstislav mathela hape ka Hungary.

Chernihiv-Seversky Principality e-ba tummeng 'me a sireletsa e mong oa metse e nyane - Kozelsk. Toropo melao lesea khosana (a le lilemo li 12), empa e ne e hahiloe keneha. Kozelsk ile teng leralleng le pakeng tsa tse peli tse linōka (Zhizdra le Drugusnoy) le libanka moepa. Tshireletso e ile ea nka 7 libeke tse (ba sa khone ho sireletsa feela e matla Kiev). Taba ea bohlokoa ke Kozelsk loana le mong: mabotho a se seholo sa Chernihiv-Seversky Principality, ka 1238 ntse haholo angoang ke tlhaselo eo, o ne a sa tla mo thusa.

Tlasa Tatar-Mongol joko

Nakoana ka mor'a hore ho haptjoa ha linaheng tse Russia ho Tatar-Mongol muso oa arohana. Batu Khan ne ho ameha ka mafolofolo ntoa e khahlanong le litloholo tsa Genghis Khan ka mong ho e mong. Ka lebaka leo, o ile a 'musi oa e mong oa likhechana tsa matla a hae - Golden Horde (eo o ile a mamela' me naha ea Russia).

Tlas'a puso ea 'babusi Golden Horde ha lahlehileng matla a bona, empa ba ne ba le tokelo ya ho netefatsa e, e leng seo ba qala ho Horde ho fumana seo ho thoeng ke e khaoletsang. Mabifi e ne e le chelete e ngata ho laola linaha Russia matsoho a ho bona ka bobona Serussia.

Chernihiv-Seversky Principality taolo ya a haha ka molao-motheo e tšoanang. Empa setsi sa lona ile a khaotsa. Joale, likhosana moholo ea Chernigov qala ho busa a le Bryansk. Ho le lintho tse ngata tlase ea Chernigov le Novgorod-Seversky ile a utloa bohloko ho tswa ho tlhaselo ena.

Olegovichy tse sa khone ho hlophisa sireletsa principality tse lahlehileng sehlooho sa eona. Ha nako e ntse e ile a likhosana tsa Smolensk.

Ka Grand Duchy tsa Lithuania

Ka 1357 hapa Bryansk Grand Duke ea Lithuania Algirdas. Hang ba bang kaofela e le lefa Chernihiv-Seversky principality fetoha karolo ea Grand Duchy oa Lithuania. Ke habohlokoa ho ba re mantsoe a seng makae ka Algirdas bao boiteko ba Chernihiv-Seversky Principality ne a tsoa matleng a Tatar-Mongol.

Algirdas e ne e se mora oa letsibolo oa mehleng Grand Duke ea Lithuania Gedemin, empa lilemo tse 4 ka mor'a lefu la ntate oa hae, o ne a tšehelitsoe ke mor'abo Keistut a matla a ho laela ka holimo-limo. Oa bara ba lona tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa - Jagiello. Kahoo, e ne e le litloholo tsa Algirdas ne Jagiellonians - leloko la borena la, e busa linaheng tse 'maloa tsa Bochabela le Europe Bohareng.

Ha Algirdas le Kęstutis fumanoeng matla le phahameng ka Grand Duchy ba Lithuania, ba ile ba kopanela le matla. Keystut kopanela sireletsa meeli e ka bophirimela, e le sera sa oona e ne e le masole a bolumeli. Algirdas hape o neng o le ka bochabela leano tsoang linaheng tse ling. lireng hae o ka sehloohong e ne e le Zolotaya Orda le itšetlehile ka boemo ba hae (e mong oa eo e neng e ka nako eo Muscovy). Algirdas atleha. O ile a hlōla Tartars ka 1362 ntoeng e khōlō ka Blue Metsi le hapa ho Grand Duchy tsa Lithuania ngata rua boholo-holo oa Rurik. O ile a mong'a leng motse-moholo le ho ea pele Russia lesika - Kiev.

Ka Grand Duchy tsa Lithuania bakeng sa nako e telele a lula a boikemelo, ka hona likarolo tsa Chernihiv-Seversky Principality, hobane ka botsebi ho lula e ikemetseng, e mpa feela e ka khethoa 'musisi oa Vilna. A ho qetela bao e ne e Prince Roma Mikhailovich, ba neng ba tla hamorao busa Smolensk, moo ka 1401 o ne a bolaoa ke baahi ba koatile ba motse. Lilemong tsa bo-XV, lefa la pele e neng e Chernihiv-Seversky Principality lahlehileng boipuso.

afterword

Har'a e re, e arohana puso hang kopaneng tsa Rurik, le ea bohlokoa haholo e ne e le Chernihiv-Seversky Principality. Bath ea pale ea hae e tloaelehileng ea batho ba bangata mabapi le thepa e kileng Yaroslava Mudrogo, empa e na le lona maqephe khanyang thahasellisang.

Ho ema ka ntle, tsekolohile ka fiefdoms, ne a ke ke fana ka ho hanyetsa tlhaselo ea Mamongolia, 'me ba ile ba mamela,' me hamorao e Moholo Duchy oa Lithuania. Ka ka 1569, linaheng tse hae ba ile ba isoa 'musong Poland.

Ea likarolo, Chernihiv-Seversky principality hlahile ngata tsoalo tšusumetso ea Grand Duchy tsa Lithuania le Poland-Lithuanian Selekane. The tummeng ka ho fetisisa ba bona ba - likhosana Novosilsky.