Butadiene nitrile rubber: thepa, tlhahiso, kopo

Butadiene-nitrile rubber (BNK) ke mofuta o ka sehloohong oa lisebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea rabara e nang le ts'ebetso e ntle. Sena ke a maiketsetso a polymer lintho tse fumanoang ka copolymerization ea butadiene le acrylonitrile (NAC). E ka bitsoa nitrile, divinyl nitrile, butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers kapa butacryl. Ka lebitso la machaba, boitsebiso bona bo tšoauoa ka NBR (nitrile-butadienerubber), ka moralo oa malapeng - SKN (synthetic nitrile rubber).

Ha ho hlokahala

Hangata mofuta ona oa rabara o sebelisoa liindastering tseo ho tsona ho hanyetsanang ha lihlahisoa tsa rabara ho libaka tsa lik'hemik'hale ho bohlokoa. Ntho ea bohlokoa haholo ke lintho tse joalo tsa butadiene-nitrile rabara, e leng e phahameng elasticity le e nyenyane ho tlohela deformation. Lintho tsena li sebelisoa ka ho pharaletseng tlhahisong ea lihlahisoa tsa rabara tse amanang ka mokhoa o tobileng le thepa ea lik'hemik'hale - e ka ba litiiso tsa mefuta eohle, li-gaskets, lihlopha tsa ho atolosa rabara, peterole le li-hoses tsa oli, libanta tsa koloi, likoloi tsa peterole, lisebelisoa tsa lifofane le oli, lichelete tsa khatiso le Lihlahisoa tse ling.

Lisebelisoa tse entsoeng motheong oa rabara ena, u se ke ua ruruha ka metsi a mafura, antifreeze le metsi. Mefuta e meng ea lisebelisoa tse joalo li entsoe ka lihlopha tsa motlakase le tsa rabara, tse nang le matla a khethehileng le botsitso. E sebelisoa ho hlahisa li-adhesives tse fapaneng, li-sealants le mousu oa kopano. Rubber ke motheo oa tlhahiso ea li-adhesive.

Rubber ee e hlahile neng hona hokae?

Ho hlahisoa ha rabara-nitrile rabara ho ngotsoe ka 1934 Jeremane. Nakong eo, bo-rasaense ba Majeremane ba ile ba theha boitsebiso bo ikhethileng le ba nang le patenteng tlasa lebitso la Buna-N. Nakong ea Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Lefatše, boitsebiso bo ncha bo ile ba e-ba bo atile haholo liindastering tsa sesole

Ka lebaka la ho hloka lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho tsa tlhaho, boeta-pele bo phahameng ba US bo qalile lenaneo le ikhethang, le amanang le ntshetsopele e sebetsang ea ho hlahisa butadiene-nitrile rubber le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa lihlahisoa tsa thepa ea rabara. Litaba tse hlahisoang tlas'a lenaneo lena li ne li bitsoa GR-N. Kajeno BNK e fetohile e mong oa bahlokomeli ba batlang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa merero e khethehileng. E etsoa linaheng tse fetang 20.

Tlhahiso ea BNK

Mofuta ona oa boitsebiso o fumanoa ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa polymerization ka emulsion e nang le aqueous. Tshebetso ena e etsoa boemong bo phahameng le bo batang haholo. Li-monomers tse ka sehloohong bakeng sa tlhahiso ea tsona ke butadiene-1,3 le acrylonitrile (NAC), e tsoakiloeng ka karolo e itseng. Lintho tsena ha li itšetlehe ka mocheso. Ha re nahanisisa ka melao ea lipalo-palo tsa lipalo-palo, hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore mochine ona oa li-monomers o lokela ho ba le thepa ea mohoho oa azeotropic o nang le 40% acrylonitrile motsoako oa li-monomers.

Ha ho hlahisoa rabara ea mofuta ona, ho na le tlhokahalo ea ho hloekisoa ka ho feletseng ha ho kopanya li-emulsifiers tse sebelisoang bakeng sa polymerization. Li-rubber tse hlahisitsoeng, molora o sa reng letho oa mokelikeli oa diminerale le o sa hloekang (o seng oa 1%) o lumelloa. Li ka tlala li-antioxidants tse mebala-bala kapa tse se nang mebala.

BNC ke eng?

Naheng ea habo rona, li-rubber tsa mofuta o joalo ka butadiene-nitrile rubber-18 (SKN-18), butadiene-nitrile rubber-26 (SKN-26) le nitrile-rubri-40-butriene rubber-40 (SKN-40) li hlahisoa. Lethathamo la nomoro likarolong li bontša palo ea likarolo tsa acrylonitrile lipolymong. Li ka kenyelletsa, ka ho latellana, 18, 26 kapa 40% ea nitrile acrylic acid.

Ho fetola palo ea likarolo tse ngata, u ka finyella mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lisebelisoa tse hlahang. Ho itšetlehile ka palo ea acrylonitrile, thepa ea rubbers e ka fapana ka thata, mafura a viscosity le ho hanyetsa peterole. Palo ea NAC e susumetsa phello ea mocheso oa lihlopha tsa moralo. Ke ntlha ena e amang tšebeliso ea nitrile rubber butadiene libakeng tse ling tsa moruo oa naha. Leha ho le joalo, e sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa lirabara tsa indasteri.

Mathata a boitsebiso boo

Ho sa tsotellehe hore lihlahisoa tsa rabara tse entsoeng ka ho tlatsoa ha BNK li na le litekanyo tse ngata tse ntle haholo (matla a phahameng le ductility ho otlolla, ho arola, ho hanyetsa ho qhaqha le ho senya, oli e ntle haholo le khanyetso ea peterole), boitsebiso bona bo na le litšitiso tse ling.

Ho ts'oaroa ha maemo a sebetsang, ho amana le ho eketseha ha lebelo la lits'ebetso le ho hloka ha oli e pholileng, ho lebisa tlhokomelong ea hore likarolo tsa rabara li ka sebetsa feela ka mohatsela ho fihlela ho +150 likhato. Ha mocheso o sebetsang o phahame ka holim'a bohlokoa bona, ho hlophisa le ho timetsoa ha rubbers ho thehiloe mothating oa BNC. Ka mantsoe a mang, rabara e futhumetseng e ba thata ebile e senya.

Tšusumetso ea mahlaseli a futhumetseng le eona e na le phello e mpe lihlahisoa tsa rabara, ha ho sebelisoa rabara ea butadiene-nitrile rabara. E ntle ho bona ho nkoa e le mocheso o sebetsang o ka tlase ho 35 ° C.

Liphetoho tsa kajeno tsa rubbers

Ho theha lihlahisoa tsa rabara ka mochine o ikhethang oa thepa, liphetoho tsa morao-rao tsa rubbers li sebelisoa. E 'ngoe ea liketsahalo tse ts'episitsoeng ho phetoho ke hydrogenated butadiene-nitrile rubbers. Ba na le thepa ea theknoloji e ntle ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea tlhahiso ea rabara.

Moriri, o entsoeng motheong oa rabara-modified rubbers, o fana ka matšoao a tsitsitseng a boemo ba leholimo (ho fihlela ho -50 degrees) le maemo a feteletseng a sebetsang ho fihlela ho likhato tse 606. E ngata ho feta lihlahisoa tse entsoeng motheong oa butadiene-nitrile rubbers, ho hanyetsa ho qhaqha le ho itšireletsa. E na le khanyetso e ntle ea liphello tse sebetsang tsa mecha ea litaba e mabifi. Leha ho le joalo, rabara ena ha e matla hakaalo ebile e senya. Ka hona, e le ho ntlafatsa thepa ea theknoloji ea boitsebiso boo, hangata e sebelisoa hammoho le mefuta e tloaelehileng ea butadiene-nitrile rubbers.

Khohlano

Ts'ebetso ea ho hlahisa li-butadiene-nitrile rubbers e etsoa ka sebabole, hammoho le thiuram, li-peroxide tse phelang, li-alkylphenol-formaldehyde li-resin le metsoako ea organochlorine. Mocheso o ka fapana ho tloha ho 140 ° ho ea ho 190 ° Celsius. Ha ts'ebetso ena e ntse e etsoa, sehlekehleke se seholo se hlaha. Lintho tse eketsehileng tsa NAC li khothalletsa ho eketseha ha tekanyo ea lihlahisoa. Boleng ba rubbers bo fumanoeng bo hlahlojoa ke litšoaneleho tsa tlhaho tsa bahlaseli.

Matlotlo

Matlotlo a BNC a khetholloa ke litaba tsa acrylonitrile. Mofuta ona oa li-rubbers o bonolo ho qhibiliha ka ketone, litharollo tse ling tsa hydrocarbon le esters. Li-hydrocarbon le li-alcohol tse nang le li-aliphatic ha li na phello ea letho ho felisoa ha butadiene-nitrile rubbers. Ho eketseha ha ho hlophisoa ha acrylonitrile boitsebiso bo khothalletsa liketso tsa li-intermolecular pakeng tsa liketane tsa pola: ha ho na le NAK ho hlophisitsoeng ha lintho tse bonahalang, ho phahama ha palo le matla a mocheso oa ho matlafatsa vitrification. Lintho tse eketsehileng tsa NAC li fokotsa thepa ea dielectric, e fokotsa tekanyo ea ho itšehla thajana ka lintho tse nang le monko o nang le monko o monate 'me e khothalletsa ho eketseha ha bothata ba ho ruruha ho li-hydrocarbon tse aliphatic.

Ho itšetlehile ka ho phalla ha polymerization ea rabara, e ka hlahisoa ka litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa plastoelastic. Ba ka ba:

• Ho thata haholo (ho thatafala ho latela Defo 21.5 - 27.5 N). Ha ho ngoloa rabara e joalo, lengolo "T" le eketsoa lebitsong la lona.
• Ho thata (boima ho latela Defo 17.5 - 21.5 N).
• Bothata bo bobebe (ho latela Defo 7.5 - 11.5 N). Ha u bitsa rabara e joalo, lengolo "M" le kenyelletsoa lebitsong la lona.

Bakeng sa BNK, e entsoeng ka kabelo ea alkyl sulfonate e le emulsifiers, lengolo "C" le kenyelletsoa ho tšoaea. Ho etsa mohlala, SKN-26MS ke rabara e bonolo eo ho eona 26% ea NAK e fokolang e teng 'me e emulsifier ea alkyl sulfonate e nang le biodegrad e sebelisetsoa ho lokisetsa.