Berezina (noka): Tlhaloso le histori. Berezina River 'mapeng

Berezin - nōka, e tsebahalang e seng feela ho batho ba Russia. O lenaneng le histori ea lintoa tsa French, 'me naha ena e tla e hopola ka nako e telele e le hopola molaoli oa Napoleon. Empa historing ea noka ena e amanang le liketsahalo tse ling tse le ho etsa liopereishene sesole.

Belarusian noka Berezina tlhaloso

Ho nōka telele ka ho fetisisa Belarus, bolelele ba eona-kakaretso Tsa 613 km le le sebakeng kakaretso ea beisine kaofela ke 24 500 km le ^2. Berezin ke tokelo tributary ea Dnieper. Ho simoloha sebakeng Vitebsk sebakeng se mokhoabo haufi le toropo ea Dokshitsy le phallang ka tataiso southerly. Phallang ka Central Berezina thota, e tluoa tabeng ea ho ea sebakeng se Gomel , 'me haufi le motseng oa Sloboda Mosambik phallang ka Dnieper.

Ka letsoapong boroa-bochabela ea orilla Belarusian ke noka beisine, ho nkoa e tlisitseng tsa Baltic le Black Maoatle. Ka bochabela le e ka bophirimela mahlakoreng tsa e intersects le matamo Pripyat linōka Druts le avian. Ho tswa ho letamo leboea ho nōka Bophirimela Dvina fella me o tsoela pele le nōka Berezina. Mapeng o ka bona hore ho na le e ntle, matsoelintsoeke tsa bootsoa. Botebo ba nōka ka fihlang ho ka 'na ea fihla ho fihlela ho limithara tse 7, empa ka karolelano e fapana ho 1.5 ho 3 limithara tse. Ka mose ho nōka le kanaleng e narrowed, ka nako eo atolosa e tsoang limithara tse 100 ho ea ho 300.

E le mabopong a noka a moepa - limithara tse 1-2, empa ka linako tse ling ba bolelele ba bona ba ka finyella ho fihlela ho limithara tse 15. Ha e le hantle, ka le matsoapong la boemo morung. Bophahamo ba banka le letona hangata phahame ho feta le letšehali. Berezina River (photo photo photo photo ho bontšitsoe sehloohong se) ke thomello, empa feela ka sebakeng tse nyenyane, tse ka bang 500 Km.

Hobaneng nōka o bitsoa "Berezina"

Ba bangata ba lumela hore lebitso la e ne e tsoa e bonolo mantsoe a Russia birch. Empa ba bang ba ke tšimoloho ea ho pelaelo hore, hobane ha o nahana ka megatlana nkiloeng lebitso la lentsoe a ka utloahala e le ho feta joaloka Berezovka, Birch, joalo-joalo Ka hona, ho ka etsahala hore ebe lebitso la nōka e tla ho rōna ho tloha puo e 'ngoe, empa ho boetse ho bolela ho belostvoloe sefate. Ka mohlala, ka la Baltic-Lithuanian "birch" utloahala joaloka "berzinis".

Empa ho na le ba behang pele khopolo ea hore lentsoe "Berezina" e amana le metso Balto-Maslav ho ba le boleng ba "ho itima lijo" (Lithuanian "burzdus;" Proto-Maslav "brz"), 'me ka Serussia ho sa utloahaleng joaloka motsoako oa "Greyhounds".

metsana

Hammoho le bethe noka tse joalo metse e tsebahalang tse kang Borisov, Berezino, Bobruisk le Svetlogorsk. Ho boetse ho na le metsaneng 'maloa. Ho thahasellisang ke hore Berezino e teng e bohareng ba naha pele sebakeng sena e ne e le staging poso ka tsela noka khoebo. Butle-butle, e le setsi ea mabenkeleng le ho fedisa ea hōla. Kahoo nōka Berezina Berezino phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka ponahalo ea motse.

noka Village

Mora toropong ea Borisov armhole noka e butle-butle ho retelehela hore e be overgrown, mokhoabo sebaka. Mona rarolla mefuta ee ka seoelo ea linonyana ba fumane matlo a bona liphoofolo tse hlaha. Sebakeng sena ho na le libere tse ngata le bison. Mora Berezinsky Reserve limela ka nōka e fokotsehile 'me a lula feela hammoho le lebōpo la leoatle.

Tourism ka noka

Berezin - nōka, o ne a rata ke baeti ba bangata. Ka likhoeli tse ka futhumala, ba tlileng phomolong kamehla batla keletso ka kayaks, liketsoana, kayaks, catamarans le lisebelisoa tse ling. Haeba u latela le nōka, o ka thabela ho ba le mefuta e fapaneng ya mehloli sebopeho le biosphere pokello. Mabōpong a Berezina hlophisitse ho paka bahahlauli. Hape, nōka ea ka e ile ea fihla ka koloi ea hae.

Fishing ka Berezina

Nōka ea ruileng ka litlhapi. Mona o fumana: tench, Pike, Roach, bream, kalaneng le carp. Hape phela mona mefuta ea bohlokoa: chub, swamp eel, nase, trout, walleye, bagre le nase. Tšoasa ka ba libaka tse fapaneng, e le noka e feletseng ea litlhapi. Haeba e se etsahala hore loma ha, u lokela ho leka ka Gear, profiteering kapa sebaka. E ka linako tse ling etsahala hore batšoasi ba litlhapi ba e 'meli a tšoase tlang mong Bait,' ngoe tsoela, e mong ka mor'a e mong, 'me ea bobeli ke se lehlohonolo, ha aa ka esita le u tšoara-tšoara. Haeba sena se etsahala ho uena, leka ho fumana sebakeng sa bona le botebo.

Mark ka histori

Har'a batho ba moo ke tšōmo e buang ka Berezina Nōka. Ba re bolella hore ka mabōpo tsena e fetile ea ntoeng ea bohlokoa, le French lebotho la eteletsoe pele ke Napoleon o ne a ile a hlōla. Kajeno, e re hopotsa tsa pale ena e tsejoa ho ba bangata. Empa tse seng kae tseba hore Berezin - nōka ea lintoa tse ngata tsa histori. Ho joalo, ka 1709 ho Sweden King Karl XII fallela lebotho la hae ka mose ho nōka 'me a ba hlōla ka Poltava. Hape ka 1920, moleng pel'a Union-Poland ntoa ea e-ba Berezina. Le ka 1944, ha ho ne ho sa Ntoa ea ho rata naha, ka nōka a atleha ho hlōla e mong oa lihlopha ka sehloohong Sejeremane.

Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore historing etsahetseng lintoa tse ngata ka Berezina, ea tummeng ka ho fetisisa ke hlōloa ha Napoleon.

Ntoa le France

Liketsahalo etsahala nakong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše ka 1812. Napoleon ka mor'a ntoa ea Red ikhula le lebotho la hae ho ea Bophirimela. Kutuzov le masole a hae ka mor'a haholo. Empa manolotsoeng e ne e le 'nete ea hore Napoleon thibetsoeng tsela Admiral Chichagin le lebotho la masole a 25.000, ke mang ea tla latela lehlakoreng boroa. Le ho tloha leboea ho ea French pele ba nang le phihlelo Wittgenstein le lebotho baloang 35.000.

Qalang ho tloha 16 November Chichagov ka laola tsohle tsela ferrying. Ho ea ka morero oa taelo Russia, ho ke ke ka Berezina le French lebotho la hammoho le moemphera ba ne ba hae ba lokela ho robeha. Ka nako ena, Napoleon o ne a le boemong bo tsielehile hobane e ne e le haufi-ufi ho tloha ka mahlakoreng 'ohle,' me o ile a tla Berezina Nōka. Ka nako eo, o ne a masole a 40 tse sekete tsa ntoa. Ka palo e tšoanang li ne li ntša maqeba kapa unarmed. French lebotho la ile khathetse.

Napoleon Chichaginu bontša hore o lokisetsa ho romela mabotho a eona ho tloha ka lehlakoreng le ka boroa la motse oa Borisov. Russia admiral qala ho akaretsang lebotho la hae ho ea e sisintsweng tšela ntlha. Ka nako ena, Napoleon a haha marokho haufi motseng oa Studenka, e neng e fumaneha ka leboea ho Borisov.

Nōka e ne e le a batang hore leqhoa floes ne phaphametseng ka eona. Ho ba ho fihlela ho molaleng oa hao ka metsi, le French haha seketsoana bakeng sa lihora tse. batho ba bangata ba e-shoa ho tloha serame. November bo26 Army o ile a qala ho tšela. Russia General Chaplitsa le lebotho la hae la lintho tse nyenyane lekile ho emisa, a betsa marokho lithunya tse peli. Haufi o ne a ke o tle, e le French sireletsa. Ho tloha ka lebotho la Napoleon o ne a romeloa hoo e ka bang sa sitisoe.

Ka letsatsi la bobeli, ha French ne pushing detachment Chaplitsa, haufi Borisov loana Vitgenshtena mabotho. E mong oa likarohano le French nehelane ka.

Feela November 28 ho Battle of Berezina noka a kenella Chichagov. Mothating ona, ka bongata ba lebotho French e ne e khona ho tšela le ka mafolofolo a sireletsa. The napoleonovtsy setseng ba ile ba leka ho fumana hore lebōpong, batho ba makholo ba bona ba e-shoa ho tloha liqhomane ena.

November 29, Wittgenstein ile a khona ho lahlela mabotho 'ohle a bona ho site ya ka sehloohong ea ntoeng. Bakiloeng oa lebotho Napoleon le convoys ne a ke ke tšela, hobane marokho ba 'nile ba chesa. Lebotho la French e lahlehileng masole a fetang 20 tse sekete. Empa bafu 'me ba mpa feela ba latela Napoleon - the maqeba le baahi (ho akarelletsa le basali le bana ba). O ile a shoa, e seng feela ho tloha likulo, ba bangata ba ema tlekelele ho lefu kapa khangoa ke metsi ka nōkeng.

The tahlehelo ea lebotho Russia ne hoo e ka bang makhetlo a mane ka tlaase ho moo, empa, ho sa tsotellehe sena, ntoa e ne e nkoa e le ho hloleha. Napoleon, ea neng a tla tsoa joang, a sa khone ho tsamaea le ho boloka karolo ea lebotho le nka mo ho Vilna, Vilnius kajeno. The le lebaka la seo e ne e le Chichagin.

mabotho bobeli ngotsoe tlhōlo ea boitšoaro. Kahoo, ho e ne e, ha e le hantle hlōla Russia, empa tactically hlōla letšehali French. Averchenko nepo o ile a hlokomela: "Napoleon o ne a tlhōlo."

Berezina le French

Ka lebaka la hore mahlonoko ea ntoeng le French, ka khopolo e ncha ea "Berezina". Nōka, kapa ho ena lebitso la sona e se e le lebitso la lelapa le e sebediswa e le "tlokotsi", "koluoa ea" kapa "tlokotsi".

Seo e ile ea lebotho la Napoleon? Hoa thahasellisa hore pele ho hlōloa ha lebotho la French e ne e nkoa e Moholo. Empa hona joale, ho tloha nakong ena, o hoo e batlang e khaotsa ho ba teng. Leha Napoleon a tsoela pele matšolo a hae la sesole, 'me hona joale lebotho la hae e ne e le ntho e tloaelehileng, ha ho joalo tšosang. Ho tloha ka nako eo o se hlōloa haholo 'me ho hloleha.