Aluminium kereiti: mefuta, lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa

Kajeno, aluminium e sebelisoa hoo e ka bang liindasteri tsohle, ho tloha tlhahiso ea lijana tsa lijo ho thehoa ha fuselages ea lifofane. Bakeng sa tse ling tsa mekhoa ea ho etsa, mefuta e itseng feela ea aluminium limaraka tse nang le tse ling tsa physicochemical properties li loketse. Mehaho e ka sehloohong ea tšepe ke ho khanna ho matla, ho ba le mahlaseli a kotsi le ho ba le ductility, ho hanyetsa kutu, boima bo tlase le ho hanyetsa hoa ohmic. Li itšetlehile ka kotloloho ho karolo ea litšila tse nang le boitsebiso ba eona, hammoho le thekenoloji ea tlhahiso kapa ho ruisa. Ho ea ka sena, limaraka tse kholo tsa aluminium li arohane.

Mefuta ea aluminium

Litekanyetso tsohle tsa tšepe li hlalosoa mme li kenngoa tsamaisong e le 'ngoe ea melao ea naha le ea machaba e amohelehang: European EN, American ASTM le ISO ea machaba. Naheng ea habo rona, mebala ea aluminium e boletsoeng ho GOST 11069 le 4784. Litokomaneng tsohle, aluminium le lihlahisoa tsa eona li nkoa e arohane. Tabeng ena, tšepe ka boeona e arotsoe ka lihlahisoa, 'me li-alloys ha li na lipontšo tse tobileng.

Ho latela melao ea naha le ea machaba, mefuta e 'meli ea microstructure ea aluminium e sa sebetsoang e lokela ho khetholloa:

• Ho hloeka haholo ka karolo ea 99.95%;
• Bohloeki bo botle, bo nang le 1% ea litšila le lisebelisoa.

Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe le silicon hangata li nkoa e le litšila. Kakaretso ea ISO ea machaba bakeng sa aluminium le lihlahisoa tsa eona, lihlopha tse fapaneng li 'nile tsa khethoa.

Aluminium limaraka

Tsela ea theknoloji ea boitsebiso e arotsoe likarolong tse itseng, tse behiloeng ho latela litekanyetso tse latelang, mohlala AD0 ho ea ka GOST 4784-97. Tabeng ena, sehlopha se kenyeletsa methapo e phahameng ea methapo, e le hore e se ke ea baka pherekano. Tlhaloso ena e na le lihlooho tse latelang:

1. E ka sehloohong (A5, A95, A7E).
2. Teknoloji (AD1, AD000, ADS).
3. E sa fetoheng (AM2, D1).
4. Setsi sa motheo (VAL10M, AK12pch).
5. Bakeng sa deoxidation ea tšepe (AB86, АВ97Ф).

Ho phaella moo, ho boetse ho na le mefuta ea li-ligatures - li-aluminium lik'hemik'hale, tse sebelisetsoang ho bōpa li-alloys ho tloha khauta, silevera, platinum le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa bohlokoa.

Aluminium e ka sehloohong

Aluminium ea motheo (tekanyo ea A5) ke mohlala o tloaelehileng oa sehlopha sena. E fumanoa ka ho matlafatsa alumina. Ka tlhaho, tšepe e nang le sebōpeho se hloekileng ha e hlahe ka lebaka la lik'hemik'hale tsa eona tse phahameng. Ho kopantsoe le lisebelisoa tse ling, e theha bauxite, lihlahisoa le li-alunite. Ka mor'a moo, alumina e fumanoa ho tsoa maheeng ana, 'me aluminium e hloekileng e sebelisoa ka lebaka la lik'hemik'hale tse rarahaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale.

GOST 11069 e totobatsa litlhoko tsa li-aluminium tse ka sehloohong, tse lokelang ho tsejoa ka ho sebelisa mebala e otlolohileng le e sabaletseng ka pente e sa hlakoleng ea mebala e fapaneng. Boitsebiso bona bo fumanoe ka mokhoa o pharaletseng liindastering tse tsoetseng pele, haholo-holo moo lisebelisoa tse tala li hloka maemo a phahameng a theknoloji

Technical Aluminium

Aluminium ea litsebi ke lisebelisoa tse nang le litekanyo tsa litšila tse tsoang linaheng tse ling tse ka tlaase ho 1%. Nako le nako e boetse e bitsoa e sa laoloe. Mekhahlelo ea aluminium ea setsebi ho latela GOST 4784-97 e khetholloa ke matla a tlaase haholo, empa holimo ho homeleha ho hanyetsa. Ka lebaka la ho ba sieo ha li-particle holim'a tšepe, filimi e sireletsang li-oxide e thehoa kapele, e tsitsitseng. Litekanyetso tsa aluminium tsa theknoloji li khetholloa ke botle bo botle ba motlakase le motlakase. Lilemong tsa bona tsa limolek'hule ha ho na litšila tse jalang ho phalla ha elektronike. Ka lebaka la lisebelisoa tsena, boitsebiso boo bo sebelisoa ka matla ho etsa liletsa, ho hlahisa thepa ea ho futhumatsa le thepa ea ho chencha mocheso, lintho tse bonesang.

Aluminium e sa fetoheng

Lintho tse lokelang ho holofala ke lintho tse hlahisoang ke phekolo ea khatello e chesang le e batang: ho pata, ho hatisa, ho hula le mefuta e meng. Ka lebaka la ho senyeha ha polasetiki, lihlahisoa tse fokolang tse fapaneng tsa li-crossitudinal lihlopha li fumanoa ho tsona: aluminium molamu, letlapa, tepi, sepeiti, litlaleho le tse ling. Limaraka tse kholo tsa lisebelisuoa tse senyehang tse sebelisetsoang tlhahiso ea malapeng li fanoa ka litokomane tse tloaelehileng: GOST 4784, OCT1 92014-90, OCT1 90048 le OCT1 90026. Tšobotsi ea tšobotsi ea lihlahisoa tse senyehang ke mokhoa o tiileng oa tharollo ka karolo e phahameng ea metsi a eutectic phase, e lekanang le Lintlha tse peli kapa tse ling tse tiileng tsa taba.

Sebaka sa tšebeliso ea aluminium e senyehang, hammoho le moo ho sebelisetsoang molamu oa aluminium, ke e kholo haholo. E sebelisoa ka bobeli libakeng tse hlokang litšoaneleho tse phahameng tsa theknoloji ho thepa - mohahong oa ho haha lifofane le ho haha lifofane, le libakeng tsa kaho e le lisebelisoa tsa ho roala.

Motheo oa aluminium

Setsi sa lisebelisoa tsa aluminium se sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse bōpehileng. Sebopeho sa bona se ka sehloohong ke motsoako o phahameng oa matla le boima bo tlaase, e leng se nolofalletsang ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa libopeho tse rarahaneng ntle le ho phunya.

Ho ea ka morero oa bona, lihlahisoa tsa mekhatlo e fumanehang ka lihlopha:

1. Lisebelisoa tse phahameng tse tiisitsoeng (AL2, AL9, AL4M).
2. Lisebelisoa tse nang le matla a phahameng le ho hanyetsa mocheso (AL 19, AL5, AL33).
3. Likokoana-hloko tse nang le ho hanyetsa ho hoholo ha sebete.

Hangata, litšoaneleho tsa ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa tsa aluminium tse entsoeng ka letsoho li ntlafatsoa ke mefuta e mengata ea phekolo ea mocheso

Aluminium bakeng sa deoxidation

Boleng ba lihlahisoa tse hlahisitsoeng bo susumetsoa ke thepa ea aluminium. 'Me tšebeliso ea limaraka tsa maemo a tlaase ha e felle feela ho pōpong ea lihlahisoa tse feliloeng. Hangata e sebelisoa ho silafatsa tšepe - ho tlosa oksijene ho tloha tšepe e entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa, e qhibilihang ho eona ebe kahoo e eketsa thepa ea tšepe. Bakeng sa ho etsa tshebetso ena, marang-rang ABLA le АВ97 "a atisa ho sebelisoa.