Alpine phutha: eaba ba etsa le litšobotsi tse. Mountain Alpine phutha

Alpine phutha - nakong historing ea sebopeho sa karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše. Ka mehla ena thehoa ka ho fetisisa thulaganyo ya tsamaiso lithaba lefatšeng - Himalaya. khethollang seo ho mehla ea? le lithabeng life tse ling Alpine phutha teng?

Phutha ea karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše

Ka jioloji, lentsoe "mene" feela susumelletsa hole boleng lona ka lekhetlo la pele. Ho bua ka karolo e ka holimo karolo ya ka tse bakang "crumpled". Hangata bakang le hlaha ka le dikarolo tse tshekaletseng. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea dithulaganyo ka hare Lefatše e le boemong ba eona ka fetola. O ile a bends kapa e a petetswa ke overlapping libakeng tse haufi. ketsahalo ena e tsejoa e le phutha.

dibopeho a phuthilweng e lekane. Linako tsa ho ba shebahalang ka eona le ntshetsopele tse bitsoang ho ya ka epochs Geological. The khale ke Archean. O ile a fumana lengolo la mofuta o ntse lilemo tse limilione tse likete tse 1,6 tse fetileng. Ho tloha ka nako eo, tse ngata dithulaganyo Link tsa lefatše o ile a hore e be thota e.

Ka mor'a hore Archaean na Baikal, Caledonian, Hercynian, Mesozoic orogeny. Ka ho fetisisa morao tjena ke mehla ea Alpine phutha. Historing ea sebopeho sa karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše e ae phethang ea ho qetela lilemo tse limilione tse 60. lebitso la mehla ile la pele o ile a bolela ka ho French jioloji Marcel Bertrand ka 1886.

Alpine phutha: e bath nako

Epoch ka aroloa linako tse peli. Ka pele ka mosebetsi holim'a Lefatše le hlaha deflections. Butle-butle, ba ile ba tlala seretse se chesang se le sediments. Ho Hōlisa cortex ne tse nyenyane 'me ea moo haholo. Mokhahlelo oa bobeli ke matla. Tse sa tšoaneng dithulaganyo geodynamic tlatsetsa hore ho thehoe lithaba.

Alpine orogeny entseng boholo ba kholo ka ho fetisisa mekgwa ya morao-rao lithaba, e leng karolo ea Mediterranean a phuthilweng lebanta le Pacific ha seretse se chesang lesale. Kahoo, phutha ho bopa libakeng tse peli tse kholo le mekoloko lithaba le foqoha seretse se chesang. Ke karolo ea lithaba e monyenyane oa lefatše 'me ka libaka fapaneng a klimate a le bophahamong.

mehla ea e-s'o ka bophara, 'me lithaba li tsoela pele ho se hlahisitseng kajeno. Sena se pakoang ke mosebetsi litšisinyeho tsa lefatše le ho foqoha seretse se chesang ka libaka ka ho fapana ea Lefatše. A phuthilweng sebakeng hase tiileng. Maporogo hangata e sitisoa ke boikhutso (mohlala, ho Fergana phuleng ena), tse ling tsa tsona thehoa leoatle (Black, la Caspian, Mediterranean).

libaka Mediterranean

Downhill Alpine tsamaiso eo e leng ba lebanta Alpine-Himalaya otlolla ka tataiso latitudinal phutha. Ba hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng tšela Eurasia. Ho qala ka Afrika Leboea, ho fetisetsa ka Mediterranean, Black le la Caspian maoatle, otlolla mose ho tsa Himalaya ho ea lihlekehlekeng tsa Indonesia le Indochina.

Mountain Alpine phutha kenyeletsa Apennines, Dinara, le Carpathians, ho Alps, Linaheng Tsa Balkan, ho Atlas, Caucasus, Burma, Himalaya, Pamir, 'me joalo-joalo. D. Kaofela ha bona ba khetholloa ka sebopeho bona le bophahamo. Ka mohlala, ka Carpathian Mountains - seaplane phahameng, ba na le sebopeho boreleli. Di koahetsoeng ka meru, Alpine le potlana-Alpine limela. Crimean lithaba, ka fapana le hoo, ka moepa le majoe. Ba koahela ho feta reka e steppe le steppe limela.

Phahameng ka ho fetisisa lithaba - Himalaya. Ba ka hare ho e dinaheng 7, ho akarelletsa le Tibet. Mount otlolla 2 400 km ka bolelele, 'me bophahamo ba bona karolelano ke km 6. Ntlha phahameng ka ho fetisisa ke Thaba ea Everest le ba bolelele ba km 8848.

Pacific lesale la mollo

Alpine phutha 'me a tloaelana le sebōpeho sa Pacific mollo lesale. Ho akarelletsa ho maporogo le depressions tse haufi le bona. Located ka foqoha seretse se chesang Pacific Ring pherimitha.

Ho koahela ka Kamchatka, Kuril le Islands Japanese, Philippines, Antarctica, New Zealand le Papua New Guinea ka lebōpong le ka bophirimela. Lebōpong le ka bochabela la leoatle, ho akarelletsa ho Andes Cordillera, Lihlekehleke Aleutian le sehlopha sa lihlekehleke tsa Tierra Lak Fuego.

Lebitso "lesale la mollo", sebaka sena e sebelelitseng ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore ho na le boholo ba foqoha seretse se chesang polanete e. Hoo e ka bang 330 tsa tsona li mafolofolo. Ho feta moo foqoha ka hare ho Pacific lebanta le hlaha palo e khōlō ea litšisinyeho tsa lefatše.

Karolo ea lesale e ke nako e telele lithaba tsamaiso ea lefatše - the Cordillera. Ba tšela linaheng tse 10 tsa Amerika. Bolelele ba lithaba e 18 likete tse km.