Alcohols itokisa: Mekhoa le Tala Materials

Alcohols li sebelisoa liindasteri tse ngata hakana le mesebetsi. Ba bona ba ho hlahisa tse fapa-fapaneng polymers maiketsetso, plasticizers, rubbers, detergents le mefuta e sa tsoaneng tse ling tse ngata tsa lihlahisoa. Ba lokisetsa ho ea alcohols e atlehe ho sebelisa mekhoa skeletal le lik'hemik'hale. Ba bangata ba bona ke lihlahisoa tsa boima ba tswakana peterolo. Lik'hemik'hale tswakana tsa hydrocarbons ke tlhahiso ea mokhoa batlang e le theko e tlaase. Ho boetse ho na le e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke ho hlahisa alcohols le olefins hydration. Ka tsela eo o ile a fumana isopropyl, sec- le bromophenyl-monoethyl le ethyl alcohols. Ba lokisetsa ho ea methylene joala (methanol) o thehiloe distillation omileng patsi.

dithulaganyo tsa motheo tseo hlahisa alcohols:

• Alkaline hydrolysis halogen derivatives: tlhahiso ea glycerol, benzyl joala le ba bang.
• Hydration epoxides le alkenes: ethylene glycol, ethanol le tse ling.
• Hydroformylation: hexanol, methanol, joalo-joalo
• mekhoa ho kena moea: tlhahiso ea alcohols mafura.
• Mekhoa hlaphoheloa: mafura alcohols phahameng, xylitol le ba bang.
• mekhoa skeletal: tlhahiso ea glycerol le ethanol.

E mong oa ka ho fetisisa boima-hlahiswa sehlahisoa ke ethyl joala (ethanol). Ka motheong oa lona, ho ile ha ba le mokhoa bakeng sa ho hlahisa rabara maiketsetso. Ethanol e fumaneha lihlahisoa lehong hydrolysis, ethylene sulfite joala le mokhoa enzymatic ea thepa lijo tala.

Ba lokisetsa ho ea alcohols (ethanol 'me methanol) ho tswa ho lijo tse bonahalang e tala' me lifate e bitsa chelete e ngata le nako timetsang tshebetso. Ethyl joala le lintho tse ngata ho feta molemo le ho le bonolo ho hlahisa ho tloha e theko e tlaase hydrocarbon feedstock, mohlala, ka ethylene hydration. Ho fumana ton mong oa ethanol ke mokhoa enzymatic, ho ke ho hlokahala hore ho sebetsa boima ba lithane tse 'nè tsa lijo-thollo, kapa ho lithane tse robeli tsa sawdust. Bakeng sa papiso, ton mong oa ethanol e fumana ho tswa ho lithane tse 2,5 tsa distillates oli e tala kapa ethylene khase. ditjeo tsa mosebetsi o boima ka ho monna-lihora tse ka tlhahisong ea ethanol ho tloha thepa e sa tšoaneng e tala: lijo-thollo - 160, ho tloha litapole - 280, ba ethylene - 10. Ho lokisetsa tsa alcohols peterolo feedstock ka tlaase le theko e boima le nako timetsang.

Hape ea bohlokoa haholo lik'hemik'hale sehlahisoa ke methanol. tlhahiso ea morao-rao ea methanol e etsoang ke tswakana manyolo e thehiloeng carbon monoxide (II) kapa tswakana khase ka tekanyo e liindasteri. maano a theknoloji, ho na le e fapaneng. Ba ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse latelang tse tharo.

- go tswakana ba etswa ha zinki-chromium ka lebaka la likhatello tse phahameng. Tshebetso ena e felloe ke nako le nkeloa sebaka ke mekhoa e fapaneng tswakana ka khatello ea tlaase.

- go tswakana tsa koporo-zinki-aluminium sethothetsi ka khatello ea tlaase. Ho sebelisa mekhoa ea tswakana la khatello tlaase ka fokotsa litsenyehelo tsa ho ba ho hlahisoeng matla. Ka mokhoa ona oa ho proizvodnje hloka ka tsela e itseng e phahameng ea tlhoekiso ea litšila e tala lintho tse bonahalang hampe amang sethothetsi.

- tse tharo mohato methanol tswakana tsamaisong ya eo e phethahatsoa ka ho fanyeha tsa mokelikeli inert le khabeloa arotsoe sethothetsi. Sena ke mokhoa ya ho eketsa ka lihlahisoa, ha fokotsa ditjeo matla. Mekhoa ea ho lokisetsa alcohols a ntlafala. Tse tharo-mohato tsamaiso e khopo ke tsoelang pele ho hlahisoeng theknoloji.