Union khanya tanka T-26. T-26: litšobotsi tse, histori ea pōpo, sebopeho

Union khanya ntoa likoloi, o ile a sebelisa tse ngata tsa likhohlano tsa 1930s le Second Ntoa ea Lefatše, e ne e T-26. tanka ena e ile hlahisitseng ka bongata kholoanyane (tse fetang 11 000 diyuniti), ho feta leha e le efe ea nako e. Ka 1930, ho Soviet Union 53 T-26 variants di ntshetswa pele, ho akarelletsa le tanka flamethrower, ntoa moenjiniere koloi, se hōle laoloang ditanka, ba ikhopolang ho propelled sethunya, libetsa terekere le e armored basebetsi microcyteme. Mashome a mabeli a metso e meraro ba bona ba ne ka mokhoa oa thekiso e fumaneha, 'me ba bang kaofela - le dikai liteko.

pele British

T-26 e ne e le mochine - British tanka MK-E, e neng e ntshetswa pele ka ho khampani "Vickers-Armstrong" ka 1928-1929. Le bonolo le le bonolo ho ho boloka, ho ne ho reretsoe ho ya diyantle le ho dinaheng tlase theknolojing ntshetswa pele: USSR, Poland, Argentina, Brazil, Japane, Thailand, Chaena le ba bang ba bangata. "Vickers" phatlalatsa tanka ea hae ka har'a lingoliloeng tsa sesole, 'me Soviet Union e ile a bolela hore ba thahasella ntshetsopeleng ena. Tlasa tumellano saennweng May 28, 1930, khampani a lopolla ho USSR ea mechine 15 peli tora (Type A, ba hlometseng ka lithunya tse peli mochini, "Vickers" caliber 7.71 limilimithara, metsi-folisoa) le ditokomane feletseng botekgeniki bakeng sa boima tlhahiso ea bona. Ho ba teng ha litora tse peli tse ka rotated nosi lumelloa ho thunya bobeli le letšehali le le letona ka nako e tšoanang, ka nako eo ho nkoa Molemo e tšoanelang bakeng sa breakthroughs ea liqhobosheane tšimo. baenjiniere ba 'maloa ba Soviet Union ba kopanela phuthehong ea ditanka ka "Vickers" fektheri ka 1930. Ho fihlela qetellong ea selemo sena ea USSR amohetse pele mane MK-E mofuta A.

Ho qala ha tlhahiso ea letoto la lihlooho tse

Ka USSR, ka nako eo feela ke ile ka sebetsa khomishene e khethehileng, eo mosebetsi e ne e le kgetho ya ho fana ka litanka tsoang linaheng tse ling bakeng sa ho ikatisa. English Tank MK-E o ba amohetse ka ditokomane bakeng sa kgetho nakoana B-26. Mariha lilemo 1930-1931 setšeng se haufi le Poklonnaya Gora liteko tsa tse peli tsa mechine tsena li 'nile tsa khanna, ba atlehile ho fetile. Ka lebaka leo, ka February, e ile a etsa qeto ea ho qala ho fana ka tlhahiso ea bona USSR tlasa T-26.

The tanka ea methaka pele liteko, turrets hlomelloa le Soviet Union e entsoeng, lekiloeng tsa ho hanyetsa sethunya le morathatha mollo ka qetellong ea lehlabula la 1931, o ne a lelekoa ho tloha lithunya le lithunya mochini "Maxim" le tloaelehileng le lihlomo tsa phunya garela ho tloha e leng sebaka sa limithara tse 50 Ho 'nile ha fumanoa. hore tanka matlafatsa mollo a senyeheloa fokolang (feela ba bang ba razors ne senyehile). Lik'hemik'hale and analysis ile a bontša hore ka pele oa lihlomo tsa lipoleiti ne li entsoe ka glassware lihlomo tsa, ha a ntse a le marulelong le poleiti tlase litora tse entsoeng tsa tšepe feela ea tloaelehileng. Ha a ntse a oa lihlomo tsa tlhahiso ea Izhora dimela, sebediswa bakeng sa ea mohlala pele T-26, tlaasana ka boleng ho Senyesemane ka lebaka la lebaka la ho hloka thepa ea kajeno metallurgical ka USSR.

Ntshetsopeleng ya phetolo pele ka 1931

baenjiniere ba Soviet Union ba se feela a pheta 6-ton "Vickers". Ke lintho life tse ncha ha ba na ka T-26? Tanka ka 1931, hammoho le mochine o lona British, o ne a ba babeli-tora phetolo le lithunya mochini tse peli, e 'ngoe bakeng sa e mong le e tora. Phapang ka sehloohong pakeng tsa bona e ne e le hore ba ne ba e phahameng le slits hlokomela ka T-26 turret. Union tora ne e le phomotse chitja tsa Degtyareva tanka sethunya, ho fapana le likhutlo li 'nè o ile a sebelisa ka kaho pele ho sethunya British "Vickers". Karolong e ka pele ea 'mele e ile hape hanyane fetotsoe.

Maemong a T-26 le litora tse peli li ne li bokella sebelisa armored lipoleiti 13-15 limilimithara riveted ho foreime ya likarolo tšepe. Hore e ne e ho lekaneng ho e mamella morathatha mollo. Khanya litanka tsa USSR, etswa qetellong ea 1932-1933, ba ile ba bobeli riveted le welded mele. U ke ke ua re ka sehlahisoa se secha. Union tanka T-26 ntshetsopeleng ka 1931 ne litora tse peli cylindrical, mounted ka dibering bolo; e mong le e ntle ho litora e rotated 240 °. Bobeli tora ka fana ka mofere-fere tsa pele le ka morao a betsa arcs (100 ° e mong). ke eng drawback ka sehloohong e ne e le T-26? Peli tora mothofatso nang sebopeho rarahaneng haholo, fokotsa tšepahala lona. Ho feta moo, firepower kaofela tanka e ne e ke ho sebediswa ka lehlakoreng le leng. Ka hona, le lilemong tse qalang tsa 30-ogy lefatšeng ka bophara tlohela phetolo ea likoloi ntoa.

A mono,-tora khanya tanka T-26

litšobotsi tse lona li ne li haholo ba ntlafala bapisoa le phetolo peli tora. Hatisa tloha 1933, o ne a qalong ea cylindrical tora le sethunya 20K ea mohlala, caliber 45 limilimithara le mochine mong sethunya Degtyarev 7,62 limilimithara. sethunya sena, e ne e le kopi e ntlafetseng ya ea-ba khahlanong le sethunya 19K ea mohlala (1932), ke e 'ngoe ea matla ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho nako ea eona. Haholo tse seng kae linaheng tse ling ho fana ka litanka ne lisebelisoa tšoanang, haeba leha e le efe e ne e le. libetsa life tse ling tse e ne e khona ho etsa e ncha T-26? Tanka 1933 ka ba le ho fihlela ho tse tharo tse eketsehileng 7.62-limilimithara merathatha. Keketseho ena e firepower ile reretsoe ho thusa basesisi ka ho hlōloa ha e khethehileng-ba khahlanong le lihlopha, hobane pele morathatha armament ne ho nkoa lekaneng. photo photo photo photo mona ka tlase e bontša e mong oa dikai tsa T-26, e leng e na le tanka musiamo ka Kubinka, ke pokello e khōlō ea likoloi sesole lefatšeng.

Ka mor'a moo, a re ke re bua ka litšobotsi tse sa theknik'hone.

Seo enjene ne T-26

Features, ka bomalimabe e behilweng ke boemo ba enjene esita 20s ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. tanka eo e ile ea a hlomelloa le 4-silindara peterole enjene bokgoni ba a etsang dilitara tse 90. e. (67 KW) le moea tsidifatso, e neng e ka ho feletseng kopi enjene "Armstrong Sidley" le sebelisitsoe ka 6-ton "Vickers". Ho ile teng ka morao tanka. Early Union e entsoeng dienjini tanka ne e le tsa boleng bo tlaase, empa e se e ntlafetse ho tloha ka 1934. Engine tanka T-26 ba ne ba sa ba le lebelo limiter, hangata ho fellang ka overheating le ho senya ho di-valve tsa lona, haholo-holo ea lehlabula. tanka mafura 182 a etsang dilitara tse le a etsang dilitara tse oli tanka 27 ba ile ba behoa haufi le enjene. O ile a sebelisa phahameng-octane, seo ho thoeng ke Grozny peterole; tlatsa ea bobeli ho fetisisa mafura ka baka tšenyo ho belofo ka lebaka la detonation lona. Ka mor'a moo, ho ile ha kenyelletsoa ho feta capacious mafura tanka (a etsang dilitara tse 290 sebakeng sa 182 l). Fan Engine tsidifatso e se e kentsoe holim 'a eona ka nyeoe e' ngoe e khethehileng.

Phetiso T-26 e ne e ena e le 'ngoe-disk omileng clutch le clutch khōlō, lebokose le likere tse hlano ka pel'a tanka, tsamaisong taolo litleneng, dikgaso le sehlopha e qetellang ea mariki. Phetiso ile amanang ho enjene ke koloi theko extending hammoho tanka. Lever ho fetola likere, e ile mounted ka kotloloho ka lebokoseng.

Modernization tsa 1938-1939

selemong sena, Union tanka T-26 o ile a fumana e ncha conical tora ka hanyetsa molemo khahlanong le likulo, empa o ile a lula e le 'ngoe welded' mele, e le hore ya ea mohlala ka 1933 hore e ne e se sa lekana, o bontšang khohlano le militarists Japanese ka 1938, e le hore tanka e se e ntlafatswa hang hape ka February 1939. Hona joale e se o ba amohetse ka tlas'a-turret lekarecheng le le tšekamelo (23 °) 20 limilimithara-lehlakoreng lipoleiti armored. Leboteng botenya ba tora e nyolohetse ho 20 limilimithara a sa le tšekamelo ea likhato tse 18. tanka ena e ile ya thontsweng ho T-26-1 (e tsejoang e le T-26 ea mohlala ka 1939 ka mehloli ea phetseng mehleng). boiteko morago ga moo e ho matlafatsa sehlopha ka pele o ile a lula unrealized, e le tlhahiso ea T-26 ile hang ile a khaotsa ho e emelang likarolo tse ling, tse kang T-34.

Tshohanyetso, ea ntoa Boima ba T-26 nako ho tloha 1931 ho 1939 e ile ea eketseha ho tloha 8 ho lithane tse 10,25. photo photo photo photo mona ka tlase e bontša T-26 ea mohlala 1939 Ho, ka tshohanyetso, hape ho tswa ho pokello, e leng o na le kholo ka ho fetisisa a lefatše a musiamo tanka ka Kubinka.

Ka pale ea ba ile ba qala ho loantša T-26

Khanya tanka T-26 ka lekhetlo la pele o ile a nka karolo ntoeng nakong ea ntoa ea lehae Spain. Joale e ntan'o ba Soviet Union, ho qala ka October 1936, a nehelana ka 'muso lona republican, e leng kakaretso ea 281 Tank ea mohlala 1933

The methaka pele la litanka ka Republican Spain o ile a isoa October 13, 1936 ka koung motse oa Cartagena; mashome a mahlano-T-26 le likarolo a qenehela, liqhomane, mafura le ka 80 baithaopi ba tlas'a molaoli oa taelo ea bo8 arohaneng Mechine Brigade Bakol S. Krivosheina.

Pele ba Soviet Union mochini, beha ka Cartagena, li ne li reretsoe ho ba lokisetsa ho ea tanka ea sechaba, empa boemo bo ka bophara Madrid e fetohile e rarahaneng ho feta, kahoo pele ditanka lesometlhano ne a 'na a ka ho khampani tanka, eo o neng o fana ka taelo ea Soviet Union motsamaisi Pol Arman (Selatvia leloko, empa ka hōlela Fora) .

Armand Roth kena bohato October 29, 1936 30 km le boroa-ka bophirimela ho Madrid. Leshome le metso e T-26 tsoetse pele ka 35 km le nakong ea leshome hlasetse 'me ea baka tahlehelo bohlokoa Frankists (a hlōla ka bang peli squads Moroccan bapalami ba lipere le tse peli infantry battalion; leshome le metso e 75 limilimithara lithunya tšimo, wedges mane CV-33,' me literaka mashome a mabeli ho mashome a mararo le sesole thepa ba 'nile ba timetsoa kapa senyehile), ho lahleheloa ke a mararo T-26 peterole ka libomo le libetsa mollo.

Pele tsebahalang taba ea ho shapa basali pheleu ka ntoa tanka e hlahile ka letsatsi la ha tanka platoon molaoli molefothenente Semena Osadchego ne a tobane le tse peli tankettes Setaliana CV-33, ba akhela e mong oa bona ka le khohlo e lilomo e nyenyane. Litho tsa wedgies tse ling baqolotsi ba ile ba bolaoa ke morathatha mollo.

Machine Captain Armand ile chesoa peterole bomo, empa molaoli maqeba a tsoela pele hore a etelle pele khampani. tanka ea hae e timetsoa 'ngoe le senyehile wedges pedi CV-33 Cannon mollo. La 31 December, 1936 Motsamaisi P. Arman o ile a fumana Star of Hero tsa Soviet Union tsa hlasela, 'me ho ba le seabo ka mafolofolo sireletsa Madrid. November 17, 1936 ka khampani ya Armand ne litanka tse hlano feela ka ntoa ho itokisa.

T-26 li ile tsa sebelisoa hoo e batlang e tsohle tshebetso sesole ea Ntoa ea Lehae ea le bontša bophahamo ba Jeremane Panzer Division le Setaliana ditanka khanya tankettes CV-33, ba hlometseng feela le lithunya mochine. Nakong ea Ntoa ea Guadalajara T-26 bophahamo e ne e le ho totobetse hore le bayemi Mataliana ba bululeloa hore ba be le tse tšoanang pele Setaliana mahareng tanka "volkswagen M13 / 40."

"... 'me re tsamaea ka sefofane fatše bahlabani ba tlas'a khatello ea tšepe le mollo"

mantsoe ana a tummeng ka bohareng ba tse lekholo tse fetileng, lipina li bontša e le karolo ea ho fana ka litanka khanya T-26 tsa Soviet Union-Japanese likhohlanong, eo a tsoela pele ho histori ntoa tsa litanka ena. Pele ea bana e ne e le khohlano ka July 1938 haufi Lake Hassan. E sebetsang ka eona 2nd Mechine Brigade le tse peli battalions arohaneng tanka ne ditanka 257 feela T-26.

2nd Mechine Brigade ne a boetse a sa tsoa khethoa hore e ncha ka taelo ee basebetsi, 99% ya sebopeho lona pejana taelo ea (ho akarelletsa le molaoli Brigade P. Panfilov) ba ile ba tšoaroa ka matsatsi a mararo e le lira tsa batho ba thonya maemong ea le loanelang. Ena e se e bile le sephetho se mpe ka liketso tsa Brigade nakong ntoa (ka mohlala, ho fana ka litanka tsa lona e neng e tšoaretsoe ka lihora tse 11, ho fumana ka 45-km le leetong ka lebaka la ho hloka tsebo tsa tsela e). Nakong ea tlhaselo e le Japanese-e neng e tšoaretsoe nang lebitso le Zaozernaya maralla Union ditanka o ile a kopana le e hlophisitsoeng hantle-ba khahlanong le tanka itšireletsa. Ka lebaka leo, ho fana ka litanka ea 76 le ea 9 ba silafatsoa chesoa. Ka mor'a ntoa e lala, 39 tsa litanka tsena li 'nile tsa hlaphoheloa ka diyuniti ho tanka,' me ba bang - lokisoe le mokatong oa lebenkele.

A palo e fokolang ea ditanka T-26 'me flamethrower thehiloeng ho bona o neng o sa fella ka lintoa le makhotla Japanese ka Khalkhin Pakane ka 1939. ntoa rona mechine ne ba tlokotsing ho destroyers tanka lihlopha Japanese, ba hlometseng ka Molotov cocktails. Ha tlaase boleng welds dula likheo ka lipoleiti lihlomo, le chesang peterole habonolo soaked ka basebetsi ba lekareche le enjene lekareche. 37mm Cannon mofuta 95 ka tanka Japanese matšoafo, ho sa tsotellehe sekhahla lona mediocre ne e atlehang khahlanong le T-26 hape.

Bosiung ba Second Ntoa ea Lefatše

Bosiung ba 2nd Ntoa ea Lefatše, Red Army ne ka 8500 T-26 ea diphetolo tsohle. Nakong ena, T-26-e leng haholo-holo lihlopha tse arohaneng khantša ditanka (mong le sehlopha 256-267 T-26) le arohaneng tanka battalion la likarohano sethunya (10-15 ditanka). E ne e le mofuta oa diyuniti tanka eo kenya letsoho phutuhong e ka libaka e ka bophirimela ea Ukraine le Belarus ka September 1939. Combat tahlehelo ka Poland ne lesometlhano feela T-26 o. Leha ho le joalo, 302 litanka a utloa bohloko ho hlōleha botekgeniki ka leetong la.

Ba kopanela Mariha Ntoa ka December 1939 - March 1940 le Finland. Khanya brigades armored ne a hlomelloa le dikai tse sa tšoaneng tsa litanka, ho akarelletsa tse peli le phetolo mono,-tora, ya hlahiswa ho tloha 1931 ho 1939. Ba bang ba battalions ne a hlomelloa le mechine khale haholo proizvodnje 1931-1936 GG. Empa ba bang ba diyuniti tanka ne a hlomelloa le ea mohlala e ntjha ya 1939. Ka palo yohle, karolo ea Lenvoenokruga baloa qalong ea ntoa diyuniti 848 tsa T-26. Hammoho BT le T-28 ne e le karolo ea tshusumetso lebotho la mathomo nakong ea phomolo ea mola Mannerheim.

ntoa ena e bontšitse hore T-26 ke siiloe ke nako le moralo mehloli lona khathetse. Sefinnishe antitank lithunya caliber 37 limilimithara le esita le 20-limilimithara antitank lithunya habonolo phunyelletsa le tšesaane antipulevuyu lihlomo tsa T-26, 'me likarolo li hlomelloa le bona, a utloa bohloko tahlehelo bohlokoa nakong ea katleho e kholo ea Mannerheim Line, eo ho eona lelakabe-lahlele mochini motheong oa T-26 cheisi bapetse karolo ea bohlokoa.

Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše - ntoa ea ho qetela ea T-26 o

T-26-E e bopa motheo mabotho armored ea Red Army ka likhoeli pele ea Sejeremane tlhaselo ea Soviet Union ka 1941. Ka June 1, ho rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng ne 10.268 khanya ditanka T-26 dikai tsohle, ho akarelletsa le likoloi armored ka cheisi bona. Boholo ba bona e ne e ena likoloi ntoa ka Union Mechine botseta ka literekeng leliboho sesole. Ka mohlala, e ka Bophirimela Special Military District, ne 1136 mechine joalo ka 22 June 1941 (52% ya ditanka tsohle seterekeng seo). Ka kakaretso, ho ne ho 4875 joalo ditanka ka literekeng sesole ka bophirimela ka June 1, 1941. Leha ho le joalo, ba bang ba bona e ne e se e loketse ho ntoa ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke likarolo tse kang libeteri, popane le mabili bangna. haelloang teng joalo li lebisa ho lahloa kherehloa ka bang 30% ea nke khato e fumaneha T-26 o. Ho phaella moo, ba ka bang 30% ea ditanka ho fumaneha ne etsoa 1931-1934 'me ba khathetse bophelo tšebeletsong ea bona. Kahoo, ka tse hlano tsa Soviet Union literekeng sesole ka bophirimela e ne e le ho pota 3100-3200 T-26 dikai tsohle le boemong bo botle (ka bang 40% ea thepa e), e leng e ne e le feela hanyenyane ka tlase ho palo ea ditanka Jeremane reretsoe ho hlasela Soviet Union.

T-26 (Model 1938/1939 e. Haholo-holo) ka mamella ditanka ho fetisisa Jeremane ka 1941, empa e ne e le tlaasana ea mohlala Panzer III le Panzer IV, kenya letsoho "Sebelisa Barbarossa" ka June 1941. Le diyuniti tanka kaofela ha Red Army utloa bohloko lahleheloa e boima ka lebaka la ho ka ho feletseng moeeng bophahamo tsa Sejeremane "Luftwaffe". Boholo ba T-26 li ile tsa lahleha har'a likhoeli pele tsa ntoa, haholo-holo ka ea liqhomane tsa sera sa libetsa le literaeke moea. Tse ngata e ile ea robeha ka mabaka a botekgeniki le ka lebaka la ho haella ha likarolo a qenehela.

Leha ho le joalo, ka likhoeli pele la ntoa, 'me re tseba a mangata mananeo a bahale hanyetsa tsa bafutuhi Union tanka T-26 oa Bofasista. Ka mohlala, kopanong e neng e 55 battalion Panzer entsoeng ka shorobedi mono,-tora T-26 le leshome le metso e robeli ba babeli-tora, ha koahela le ikhule 117th sethunya le karohano 'Zhlobin sebakeng Timelitsoe lesomesupa mechine Sejeremane.

Ho sa tsotellehe ho lahleheloa ke, le T-26 ntse e ileng ea e le karolo e khōlō ea mabotho a armored ea Red Army ka hoetla ea 1941 (a mangata thekenoloji e ne e tsoa literekeng hare sesole - Central Asia, Urals, Siberia, 'me karolo e' ngoe ho tloha Bochabela bo Hōle). Nakong ea ntoa, T-26 li ile tsa nkeloa sebaka ke T34 hōle phahameng. Ba ile ba boela ba kopanela ntoeng khahlanong le Majeremane a ile a le entseng selekane le bona ntoeng pakeng tsa haufi le Moscow ka 1941-1942., In Ntoa ea Stalingrad le Battle tsa Caucasus ka 1942-1943. 'Maloa diyuniti tanka ea Leningrad Front sebediswa ditanka bona T-26 ho fihlela ka 1944.

Ho hlōloa ha Japane Kwantung Army ka Manchuria ka August 1945 e ne e le ho sebetsa ho qetela sesole seo ba neng ba sebelisoa. Ka kakaretso, re lokela ho hlokomela, histori ea ditanka - ntho e bohelehele.