The lefatše manyolo tsa Leoatle la Indian. ho ithuta Leoatle la Indian

Mohloli ruileng ea mefuta-futa ea bophelo - ho na le leoatle. Leha e le efe ya tse hlano tse teng polaneteng leoatle rona ke fount sebele oa lefatše manyolo. 'Me haeba liphoofolo tsa naha e tsejoang saense bolibeng kaofela ba bang ba baahi ba ntse ba undiscovered, ka masene ipatile bolibeng ba leoatle.

E mpa feela e tiisa thahasellong ea bona ho zoologists, oceanographers le bo-rasaense ba bang. Thuto ea leoatle, ho tloha litšobotsi tse lona 'meleng le ho ipolaea le tse fapa-fapaneng tsa bophelo ba ka eona, ke ka ho bokapele kajeno. Nahana ka lefatše manyolo ea Leoatle la Indian e le e mong oa ruileng ka ho fetisisa mekgwa ya phelang.

Litšobotsi tsa Leoatle la Indian

Har'a tse ling Leoatleng la Indian ke karolo ea boraro ea le sebaka seo ho lula ea metsi (mora la Atlantic le la Pacific). Indian thepa Ocean ka tšoauoa ka lintlha tse 'maloa bohlokoa:

1. Ocean Territory - ka bang limilione tse 77 km SE ^{2 ..}
2. Indian Ocean lefatše manyolo e sa tšoaneng haholo.
3. Molumo oa metsi a -. 283,5 mln M ^3.
4. E le bophara ba leoatle ka 10 thous. Km ^2.
5. Hlatsoa ka mahlakoreng 'ohle ba Eurasia lefatše, Afrika, Australia le Antarctica.
6. Likou (tsa mahlomola) le leoatle lula 15% ea tšimo e lohle la leoatle.
7. Sehlekehlekeng kholo ka ho fetisisa - Madagascar.
8. Botebo ka ho fetisisa haufi sehlekehlekeng sa Java ka Indonesia - fetang 7 km.
9. Karolelano ea palo yohle metsi mocheso - 15-18 ⁰ C. Ka e mong le sebakeng se leoatleng (o haufi le moeli le lihlekehlekeng tse ling tsa maoatleng le likou), mocheso le ka fapana haholo.

ho ithuta Leoatle la Indian

Tsebahala ka 'mele ona oa metsi e bile ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo. O ne a tlohang kgokahanyo ea bohlokoa linōko khoebo masela, matlalo a boea le thepa tse ding pakeng tsa lichaba tsa Persia, Egepeta le Afrika.

Leha ho le joalo, ho ithuta Leoatle la Indian ba ile ba qala hamorao haholo, ka matsatsi a tummeng Sepotoketsi navigator Vasco kithe Gama (bohareng XV lekholong la lilemo la). Hore o tlotloa ka hore sibolloa ha India, bao tlhompho le ile e mong ea bitsoang leoatle kaofela.

Pele Vasco kithe Gama, o ne a le mabitso a mangata a fapaneng har'a lichaba tsa lefatše: Eritrea Sea, Black Sea, Indikon Pelagos, Bar-El-Hindi. Leha ho le joalo, lilemong tsa bo-Ke Pliniy Starshy mo bitsa Oceanus Indikus hore ho tloha Latin fetolela e le "Leoatle la Indian".

More morao-rao le tsa saense ho atamela ho ithuta sebōpeho sa tlaase, ea ho hlophisoa tsa metsi, a liphoofolo le dimela baahi ba ile ba qala ho ho phethahatsoa feela ho tloha lekholong la XIX. Kajeno, liphoofolo tsa Leoatle la Indian ke ea sebetsang le saense thahasello e khōlō, hammoho le leoatle ka boeona. Bo-rasaense ba Russia, Amerika, Jeremane le linaheng tse ling ba kopanela ka mafolofolo taba ena, sebedisa thepa ho fetisisa tsoetseng pele (le disebediswa tse ka tlas'a metsi, satellitari).

manyolo setshwantsho lefatše

Indian Ocean lefatše manyolo e sa tšoaneng haholo. Har'a limela le liphoofolo ho na le mefuta e tse itseng haholo le ka seoelo.

fapafapana lona tsa biomass leoatle e tšoana le hore ka Leoatleng la Pacific (toba haholoanyane, e karolong e ka bophirimela). Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ho undercurrents tloaelehile hore batho ba pakeng tsa maoatleng a mabeli.

Ka kakaretso, kaofela ha lefatše manyolo ya metsi ea moo ka hlophisitsoe ka lihlopha tse peli tsa ho latela Habitat:

1. E chesang e mongobo Leoatle la Indian.
2. Antarctic karolo.

Bakeng sa e mong le e ba bona ba tšoauoa ka maemo a ipatlele klimate, maqhubu, lintlha tsa lona abiotic. Ka hona, le mefuta e fapaneng ya sebopeho fapaneng tse phelang.

Ho se tšoane ea bophelo leoatle

Sebakeng se chesang se mongobo sa 'mele metsi a kotonda le mefuta e fapaneng ya mefuta e planktonic le benthic ea liphoofolo le limela. dimelametsing e Tloaelehileng ba nkoa e le trihodesmium unicellular. mahloriso tsa bona ka le dikarolo e ka holimo ea leoatle e joalo e phahameng hore fetola 'mala e akaretsang ea metsing.

Hape lefapheng lena la lefatše ka manyolo ea Leoatle la Indian e tšoantšetsoang ke mefuta e latelang ea dimelametsing:

• Sargassum leoatle;
• turbinarii;
• Caulerpa;
• fitotamnii;
• halimedy;
• mangroves.

Ea liphoofolo tse nyenyane ka ho fetisisa ho pharaletseng ntle baemeli ba khanyang plankton bosiu: Physalia, siphonophores, ngola lintlha ka kama jelly, tunicates, peridenei, sesang.

Antarctic sebakeng sa Leoatle la Indian e emeloang ke Fucus, Laminaria, porphyry, galidiumom, ea tonanahali makrotsistis. moemeli A tsa 'muso sa phoofolo (nyenyane) phela mona kopipody, evfuazidy, diatomsi.

tlhapi Fancy

Leoatleng la Indian le liphoofolo tse neng li etsahala seoelo kapa e le feela e sa tloaelehang ponahalo. Kahoo, har'a tlhapi atileng ka ho fetisisa le se sengata fumana lishaka, mahlaseli, mackerel, dorado, tuna, rockcod.

Ha re bua ka ichthyofauna e sa tloaelehang, re lokela ho hlokomela, tse kang:

• tlhapi likorale;
• Parrot tlhapi;
• tšoeu shaka;
• e leng whale shark.

boleng Commercial har'a litlhapi tse tuna, mackerel, dorado le rockcod.

The tse fapa-fapaneng tsa liphoofolo

The liphoofolo tsa Leoatle la Indian e na le baemeli ba latelang mefuta, litlelase, malapa:

1. Fish.
2. Lihahabi (linoha likolopata leoatle le seqhenqha).
3. Liphoofolo tse anyesang (maruarua peō ea botona, liqibi, maruarua a maputsoa, sei maruarua, tlou liqibi, li-dolphin, maruarua a toothless).
4. Morue (seqhenqha octopus, octopus, likhofu).
5. Seponche (calcareous le foromo silicon e);
6. Echinoderms (leoatle botle, likomkomere leoatle, urchins leoatle, brittle).
7. Crustaceans (makhala, lekhala, lobster).
8. Hydroids (polyps).
9. Ya mefuta e fapaneng ya.
10. Likorale (mepopotlo mabopong theha).

Liphoofolo tse kang bakitoko leoatle ba le 'mala o khanyang haholo, ba phela ka tlase e le ho ba le sebopeho hexagonal le radial setshwani ea' mele. Thanks ho bona, mokatong oa leoatle shebahala e khanyang le e bohehang.

Giant octopus - kholo octopus, bolelele ba tsona fetela tentacles 'mele 1.2m ka tsela eo hangata ha ho feta 30 cm, le bolelele ba ..

Lime le silicon e seponche phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka sebōpeho sa Indian mokatong leoatleng. Ka par, le mefuta e benthic dimelametsing, ba theha e mobung kaofela sediments calcareous le siliceous.

The liphoofolo tse li jang ho fetisisa e mpe ea habitats tsena - the shaka e tšoeu, litekanyo tsa eo fihle limithara tse 3. Sehlōhō le e bobebe haholo 'molai, e hoo e batlang e le sefefo ka sehloohong ea Leoatle la Indian.

motle haholo le e thahasellisang Indian Ocean tlhapi - tlhapi likorale. Di mebala e khanyang 'me oddly, na le bataletseng, o molelele o ka ba bolelele ba sebopeho sa' mele. tlhapi tsena ke ka masene haholo khona ho pata ka moferong oa polyps likorale, moo ba ne ba sa khone ho fumana liphoofolo tse li jang leha e le efe.

maemo Cumulative tsa Leoatle la Indian ho etsa ho ka khoneha ho ba le liphoofolo tsa lona e le tse fapa-fapaneng le e thahasellisang, ho hohela tseo lakatsa ho ithuta eona.

meroho lefatše

Mapa ea moeli ea Leoatle la Indian e fana ka maikutlo a akaretsang ea seo a leng sona ka moeli. Le ho qala ho tswa ho ena, ho bonolo ho nahana bang ba motse ba tla dimela ea leoatle.

The planar ho Leoatle la Pacific ho tlatsetsa ho atile sootho le e khubelu dimelametsing, mefuta e mengata ea tsona ke ea bohlokoa ka ho khoebo. dimelametsing tala ba boetse ba emetsweng likarolong tsohle tsa Leoatle la Indian.

botumo ba thahasellisang le e sa tloaelehang bakeng sa ho ba overgrown seqhenqha makrotsistisa. Ho lumeloa hore ho na le ka undergrowth ka sekepe ke lekanang le a ho lefu, hobane ke ho le bonolo haholo ho fumana ferekane le ke ke ha khoneha ka ho feletseng ho fumana tsoa.

Karolo e khōlō ea ho dimela maoatleng a lefatše a etsa benthic unicellular, planktonic dimelametsing.

bohlokwa moruo Leoatleng la Indian

Fishing bakeng sa liphoofolo le limela ka Leoatleng la Indian hase joaloka batho ba tletseng tekanyo e ntshetswa pele ka ho maoatle tse ling tebileng le maoatle. Ho fihlela joale, leoatle ena ke ea lefatše ho ea pokello mohloli oa phepelo ea pokello matla. Ea moeli 'mapa ea Leoatle la Indian e ka bontša sehlekehlekeng se seholo le hloahloa tseo ho tšoasa litlhapi tse ngata tse tsoetseng pele le ho phethahatsoa meepo la dimela tsa bohlokoa tsa litlhapi le dimelametsing:

• Sri Lanka;
• Hindustan;
• Somalia;
• Madagascar;
• Maldives;
• Seychelles;
• Hloahloeng ea Arabia.

Tabeng ena, Leoatleng la Indian liphoofolo tse ka nako e ngata - ea bohlokoa haholo nutritionally mefuta. Leha ho le joalo, e ratoa haholo ke ka kutloisiso ena, 'mele oa metsi sebedisa. bohlokoa-holo bakeng sa batho ba kajeno - ho fihlela linaheng tse sa tšoaneng, lihlekehleke le peninsulas.