The e ikhethang meralo le liemahale tsa St. Petersburg: lethathamo, tlhaloso, photo photo photo photo

E le pontšo e ikhethang ea e rarahaneng - meralo le liemahale tsa St. Petersburg ba karolo e ikhethang ea bohlokoa historing bohareng ba motse, ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore e ne e le motse-moholo oa mocha oa lefatše. Hlaheletseng St. Petersburg e hantle nahanneng mohaho ona o kamehla akaretsang, proportionality hlollang ensembles tsohle tsa litoropo le kutloano ka mokhoa polyphony ka lebaka la e tlase-senotlolo haholo hlokomela tikoloho ea tlhaho. Taba ea hore, le ea bohlokoa ho ea lefatše ea bonono le meralo le liemahale tsa St. Petersburg.

Mekhoa le mong'a

Meaho motseng batho ba bangata kamoo lesometlhano fapaneng mekhoa meralo le, ba ka sehloohong ka bitsoa baroque - Petrose le Elizabeth, Classicism, Empire, eclectic, morao-rao le itlhamela. Mataliana Baroque - the lipalesa nako ea absolutism - ho tloha 16 ho 18 lekholong la lilemo la. Mona hlōla rarahaneng curvilinear, dipharologanyo, bokhabane le quirkiness. Meralo le liemahale tsa St. Petersburg ke mokhoa oa ho ngola e tenyetsehang haholo.

Ho Peter mehaho ka Russia bitsoa "dipaterone, Serussia le" akarelelitsoeng ho 'me hangata le ea ka neano ea Byzantium ka kaho ea tempele. Russia baroque - tshwaragano ea mekhoa ena e 'meli. Leha ho le joalo, Moscow le baroque Peter e fapana e seng feela ho tloha nngwe le e nngwe tse ling tse, empa hape le ho isa tekanyong e moholo - ho tloha Europe Bophirimela. Ha re bapisa le liemahale meralo ea St. Petersburg e Petrovsky epoch bohareng ba motse leha e le efe ea boholo-holo Mataliana kapa Sefora, o ka ka ho toba netefatsa sena.

baroque ea Petrose

Tsar Peter thabela ho mema Litsebi tloha West, 'me ka lebaka leo ba Jeremane-Dutch-Setaliana-French sebedisana bōptjoa ketsahalo ena ho ile ha hlaha St. Petersburg setaele. E ne e le e Moholo Northern Ntoa, mehaho bolulo ho ile ha hahoa hoo e ka bang overhauled, nakoana ka ho feletseng lehong ka potlako.

Empa esita le ka nako eo ho ne ho dibopeho hore tseba batho ba mehleng ea rōna: ho le mosebetsing, boema-kepe, qhobosheaneng - le mehaho e bonolo, terse, ithibe le kwalwang bōptjoa tlas'a tšusumetso e khōlō ea Dutch le Majeremane.

Litsoeng ka samente, ohle a mathule le colonnades e ne e se, empa mekhabisong ne re atisa pediments, volutes, pilasters, le marulelong - spiers hore hatisa litaelo tsohle paatsepama le tshekaletseng. Ka hare moaho e hangata ka ho fetisisa rerile le suite e itseng. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le mehaho e ne hlomelloa matloana flush le metsi a macha.

mehlala

Tempele le fortification mehaho e ne e le bonolo, empa elegantne tšepe tora ea Petrose le Pauluse ba Cathedral, kereke Saint Panteleimon, Petrose le Pauluse ba Qhobosheane le Petrose lona Gate, Summer Palace ea Peter e Moholo, Menshikov Palace, leshome le metso e Collegia, Kikin Moifo oa Curiosities, Alexander Nevsky Lavra, Setaliana ntlo ea borena ka Kronstadt . The Litsebi tsa nako eo: MG Zemtsov, Domenico Trezzini, A. Schluter, JB Leblon, G. Mattarnovi, JM Fontana.

Elizaveta Petrovna

morali Petra Velikogo e ne e le hōle le thepa ea mohaho lakatsa ho kena lipolotiking tsa ntate oa hae, empa kaofela ha mehla hae ho sebelisa likhopolo tsa Bophirimela European Baroque foromo lona bo hloekileng bo eketsehileng, hobane 'muso oa tlas'a letsoho la hae e ne e le lapile bokhabane, khanya le botle bo hlollang. Meralo le liemahale tsa St. Petersburg ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo ka ho hlaka ho fetisisa khethollang mokhoa akaretsang ea motse. Emisoa e kgolo cathedrals, litempele, mansions, matlo a borena - tsohle metako ho feta le khabisitsoeng le le polasetiki, e nang le litepisi ka bophara ka hare, ka tiers tse peli tsa lifensetere le-салонах ea likamore.

The interiors ea nako eo e ne e le fantastically whimsical, le le ho hongata haholo ea litsoantso tse betliloeng, tse betliloeng mekhabiso le Flooring patterned le liipone. Matlafatsoa mebala baroque ho kopantswe le e peho odara. E qalella ho hahoa likereke tse hlano domed, a khutlela ea ka neano ea betliloeng manehiloe iconostasis le Russia ka tempeleng ea mokhabiso oa canons Byzantium. 'Me hona joale baeti ba ka kena bokhabane ba setaele, e leng e bolokwa liemahale meralo ea St. Petersburg.

Ka bokhutšoanyane ka beng le meaho

mehla ena ea meqhaka, ya e le hantle, Rastrelli, empa ba ile ba sebetsa hammoho le le FS Argun, le SI Chevakinsky le Av Kvass le P. Trezzini le AF Whist. lilemo tse mashome a mabeli pele ho 1760 Anichkov ho ile ha hahoa ka Elizabethan baroque Stroganov le Vorontsov matlo a borena, Smolny Cathedral, Catherine Palace e Tsarskoye Selo, le Mariha Palace le Great Peterhof, sesole sa metsing Cathedral le tse ling tse ngata.

Ekaterina Velikaya

Lilemong tse latelang tse mashome a mabeli, kaho St. Petersburg a tlas'a pontšo ea ho ba absolutism leseling le ka mokhoa oa classicism pele. Meaho ne a fumana harmonically o ile a laela, le ntshetsopeleng e tsoelang pele ea tsela e bonolo le botle bo hlollang ka nako e tšoanang - ka e le karete ea khoebo naheng se nang meeli.

Matšoao a - taelo ea boholo-holo, monumentality, thibelo, tsohle e bolokwa ka meaho classic-mokhoa oa liemahale meralo ea St. Petersburg. Photo tlhaloso e tla thusa phapang e classicism pele ba mefuta e sa tsoaneng tsa lona tse ling.

Meaho ka mokhoa oa classicism mathoasong a

Jwale Administration Building RGPU ka Moika - ntlo ea borena ea pele ea Count Razumovsky, ea ileng a haha le AF Kokorinov le JB Vallin de Mothe, e ne e le e mong oa ba pele mohaho oo o mathoasong a-classic mokhoa. mehaho lona ke likarolo e bonahalang ea Korinthe le Ionic ditaelo, reliefs, Arcade, empa tšusumetso ea Baroque li hlahelle. Front jareteng le liheke moholohali le phahameng terata tlhomololang le solemnity ba mohaho ba bacha.

Meralo le liemahale tsa St. Petersburg, e leng lethathamo le lelelele ka ho fetisisa la limpho le pōpo ea tse ling tsa baetsi ba litšoantšo tsena le tsebo. Ho Repin Institute ka University Embankment, 17, 'me pele ho moo ho ne ho e Imperial Academy ea Fine Arts; St. Petersburg State University thepa ea mohaho ka la noka ya, 9, pele ho moo - ho le joalo bakeng sa lipapali tsa bolo; Yusupov Palace. Vallin de Mothe emisoa Hanging Garden le North Pavilion tsa Hermitage Nyenyane. Yuri Felten, seithuti Rastrelli haha sekolo bakeng sa banana ba Bafilista, Large Hermitage, Kereke Armenian, Kerekeng ea Lutere ka Vasilyevsky Island le kereke ea St. Anne ka Kirochnaya, 8.

ka thata-thata classicism

Ka ho feletseng bosula le bo sa makgetheng meaho Baroque hahoa ka mor'a 1780, hape ho matleng a Catherine classicism. Ba tieo latela classic ditaelo tsa Vitruvius le Palladio - ya khutlonnetsepa ditshwani mapatlelong, tšebeliso e pharaletseng ea arcades, colonnades, pediments, mathule a chitja. interiors a khabisitsoeng ka likopi tsa liemahale bogologolo e le likarolo tse ngata tsa tsoelo-pele ea boholo-holo.

Pula-maliboho ea setaele St. Petersburg e ile ea Cameron, ka nako e tšoanang ba ile ba sebetsa VI Bazhenov, D. Kvarnegi, ke hore, Ea khale, NA Litau. mesebetsi ea bona - tumellanong le diteng e feletseng, conciseness le mefuta proportionality. A mohlala hlollang - ea Tauride Palace.

Pavlovsky classicism

Ena nako ea lilemo tse hlano ho fihlela ho 1801 o fana ka hanyenyane lerato phetolelo ea classicist mehaho, e leng e ka ho hlaka susumelitsoe ke mokhoa oa ho ngola Gothic. Sena ke haholo-holo Chesme Palace meralo asbyrnem Felten - kgutlotharo sebopeho le boemo ba leholimo gotika ka mokgwa wa turrets, toothed lancet lifensetere le parapets.

Meralo le liemahale tsa St. Petersburg replenished le e ka boroa mefuta European Mikhailovsky Castle, moo classicism bo hloekileng - e ke mekhabisong ka sehloohong le ka boroa ho ka hare. Castle shebahala ka mabifi hakae, ka sebete, cornices boima e ka leboea kene lekokong re hopotsang knightly lihelmete.

classicism Alexandere

The pele ho eena ea 'Muso oa Russia o ile a classicism Alexander, eo e atisa ho amahanngoa le mokhoa oa ho ngola Muso. Alexander Ke ile ka boela ba atisa ho memela Litsebi tsoang linaheng tse ling, haholo-holo French.

Ka hona, le ho haha nako ena khetholla stringent Doric kapa Tuscan ditaelo le litšiea boima. Hlaha sphinxes le likarolo tse ling tsa Egepeta Tsoseletso mehaho. Pholosoa mela ka tieo, hlomphehang, moholohali litšoantšo le tsela e bonolo le ho hlaka tsa silhouette ena.

Mehlala ea pele kela Empire

Ka mokhoa ona oa St. Petersburg liemahale meralo le emeloang ke mohaho morafo Institute ka Vasilyevsky Island, entseng ho tloha litšoantšo A. Vorohnina. Makolilo ka lenaneng la Doric haholo-holo hantle ho totobatsa mokhoa tšoanang le litempele tsa boholo-holo, liemahale joalo Antaeus, Hercules le Proserpina ba teng le ho na le.

Esita le ho feta tummeng mesebetsi ea mong'a ena - Kazan Cathedral. Emperor Pauluse, ea ileng a rera hore o ne a batla ho pheta Vatican e St. ea Petrose, 'me ka ba bang ba dintlha tse ho tšoana ka bonoa: ka moralo ka kakaretso, matla bohareng Dome, ka basilica molelele' me ka ho ba sieo ha tšepe tora. Joalo, ke mokhabiso oa sebele oa Nevsky Prospekt.

Phahameng classicism (Late)

Ho feta ntho leha e setaele ena sebelitse Tom de Khao Thomon: moaho oa Bolshoi Theater (ka bomalimabe, ho na le e ntse e ke ke ka ho feletseng), lehae la Countess Laval o motjha rarahaneng maraka le ho tšoela mathe ya Vasilyevsky Island (litšiea rostral, haholo). O ka ba le bonnete ba hore e ho pharaletseng aroloa ka likarolo eketsa ho Stock Exchange mohaho ona o sebaka le e lumellana le ea ho hlophisoa Nevsky Prostor. Le oa ho haha ka boeona e, 'me karolong e ngotsoeng rostral khabisitsoeng ka litšoantšo lintho tsa tsoantsetso.

Ka nako e tšoanang phahamisa ea hlomphehang a thepa ea mohaho ea Admiralty - letšoao la motse ka Neva River - the meralo AD Zakharov. E ile ea qetoa ka kaho fetileng, e neng e feela karolong e bohareng ea tummeng spire meralo ek Korobov. Mekhabisong fumana mefuta e fapaneng, empa morethetho haholo ka lebaka la mathule a chitja e hlaheletseng ho le litšiea Tuscan (haufi le tsela, ka e le setsi sa karolong e ngotsoeng 'me o ile a lula Ionic). Kahoo a lined libini tsa Senate, le St. Isaac Palace Square le Alexander Garden. Ka nako e tšoanang, setsebi sa meralo Quarenghi haha Smolny Institute - hape ka mokhoa phahameng oa classic.

Russia Empire

Matšoao tsa Serussia Empire - mokete oa tlhōlo holim'a Bonaparte: tsamaiso classic tle le o tobileng. tšoanang hlaha litšiea sehopotso, arches tlhōlo, mehaho e akaretse liemahale tse ngata le ho feta, mehaho khabisitsoeng ka lintsu, Laurel meqhaka, lihlomo le tse ling tse bosole tšoantšetso.

The benghali ba tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa tataiso ena - VP Stas le Mar. Rossi. Ea bobeli e ka sebete haholo fetohe sebaka tsa litoropo, kaha o hahile Palace Square le moaho oa General Staff, Senate Square le sinoto le Senate, Alexandrinsky holong area. Meralo le liemahale tsa St. Petersburg tla hlahisa setšoantšo ho ka ba molemo ho feta tlhaloso leha e le efe. Re etsa joalo haholo ka lebaka la palo ea bona e khōlō e mpa feela ke ha khoneha ho hlalosa ka sebaka ea sehlooho e mong khutšoanyane.