Subsystem tsa sechaba le dikarolo tsa bona

Khopolo ea "sechaba" se pharaletse ebile e fapa-fapaneng. Ke batho ka kakaretso, 'me e le sethaleng itseng ka ntshetsopeleng lona (mohlala, ho sa hlabolohang kopanetsweng, mososhaliste, joalo-joalo) Society - mokgatlo tsa batho, e leng ho ile ha hlaha ka lebaka la bohlale, morero, a hlophisa mosebetsi oa tsona e kopanetsoeng. Litho tsa sona ha li buisana joalo tebileng le ho ba haufi, ho etsa mohlala, ha re be sechaba se 'nete.

Society ke sehlopha sa batho ba boemong itseng (ka mohlala, French) kapa mefuta e fapaneng ya lintho tse amanang le (mohlala, ho tšoasa litlhapi chesehelang). Leha ho le joalo, ka kutloisiso e pharalletseng ea lentsoe le bolela karolo e itseng ea lefatše tse bonahalang, ho tshebetso ya ho iphetola ha lintho arohile tlhaho, empa u 'ne le kamano e haufi le eena.

Society e tšoauoa ka mefuta e meng ea mokhatlo oa batho ka bomong kapa lihlopha, sebelisana likamano tsa bona. E thehiloe e tšoanang lithahasello tsa directional boletsweng ka konteraka, likopano kapa liletsa tse ling. Society, ho fapana ho motseng, tlase tshusumetso ka phetoho ea botho boitsebiso. Hangata, ke hona ba bolele boemong teng pakeng tsa batho ka bomong le mmuso.

Society le phedisano likamano - ha e le hantle bopa dikgopolo tsa tšoanang haholo. Ka kutloisiso e itseng re ka re hore sechaba - sena ke e behiloeng ea likamano tsohle tse hlahang ka hare ho eona. Ho thata haholo, empa tsamaiso hlophisitsoeng hantle, e leng e tšoauoa ka:

• A tse ngata tse subsystems (libakeng tse) le lihlopha tsa sechaba.
• Connections, likamano, le mefuta e meng ea sebelisana pakeng tsa litho tsa, ho nka sebaka ka hare le ka ntle ho tsamaiso ea koetsoeng.
• Ho khotsofala, ke hore, bokhoni ba ho bopa maemo a itseng ke ketso e kopanetsoeng.
• ntshetsopeleng e meng, dipharologanyo, ho hloleha ho nka tlhaku e feletseng.
• Nonlinearity (unpredictability) ntlafatso.

Ho phaella moo, joaloka oona tsamaisong efe kapa efe lehafing, mokhatlo oa tšoauoa ka botšepehi. Ha mpa feela e le palo e sa thepa ea motheo e mehato ho feta ka lebaka la ho meeli le menyetla ea thepa ea motheo e tsamaiso, ho akarelletsa le likamano tsa 'ohle ao tlise batho hammoho.

System sebopeho sechabeng se bolela hore kgopolo ya go ya ka aroloa dikarolo nyenyane, e bitsoang "subsystem" sechabeng kapa pharalla lona.

• The boemong a moruo e kenyelletsa ka ho feletseng le likamano tse sa tsohle tse hlahang ka ho tshebetso ea pōpo, kabo le tshebediso ya thepa tse bonahalang. 'Nete Kapa ke mohlala oa subsystem a moruo sechabeng e ka ba ntshetsopeleng ya oli kapa khauta ea ka, tlhahiso ea thepa efe kapa efe.
• The subsystem theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki - the bothe ya mefuta e sa kamano e joalo e le boemo-sechabeng, boemo-mokga, joalo-joalo Mohlala oa (hantle) le subsystem sechabeng ho nkoa hore mosebetsi molao, ho khanna liphutuho tsa sechaba, referenda, hammoho le mesebetsi ya taolo ya mmuso.
• Social subsystem - the likamano pakeng tsa lihlopha, lichaba, malumeli a, ea lilemo li fapaneng, litsebi le dikarolo tse ling. Facts: lenyalo, melemo.
• The boemong tsa moea - likamano tsa hore ba tsoetsoe ba le ho ntshetsa pele ka ho tshebetso ya ho theha tsa bohlokoa tsa moea, polokelo ea bona, popularization. Mehlala ea subsystem ea moea ea sechaba: mesebetsi ya ditheo ho etsa lipatlisiso, mekgatlo setso, mekhatlo ea bolumeli.
• Kajeno potso e kopanela ho ithuta filosofi ea batho sechabeng. O ile a bona khopolo ena e be le bonngoe ka mefuta e fapaneng ya likarolo, likarolo, dikarolo. Kaofela ha bona ba amana haufi-ufi le mebuso, ba sitoa ho ba teng e le e ka thoko nkiloeng karolo (kapa boemong). Ho tsena dirisana le likamano etsa setjhabeng tsamaiso ka ho feletseng hore ke fapane le batho ba bang (mohlala, likokoana-hloko) haholo ho feta e rarahaneng.