Semiconductor Lasers: mefuta e sa sesebediswa, molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa, ho sebelisa

Semiconductor lasers ke quantum lijenereithara thehiloeng semiconductor a sebetsang a mahareng, ao ho 'ona ho kholiso Optical ke mohlapo susumelletseha e bōpiloe ka phetoho pakeng tsa maemo eneji, le quantum ka ea mahloriso phahameng ea bolokolohi qoso bajari sebakeng seo.

Semiconductor tham mong bang laser: Molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa

Ka tloaelo, batho ba bangata ba dieleketerone teng ka boemo valency. Nakong mokgwathupelo photon, eneji, le feteng matla sehlopha lekhalo, e semiconductor, dieleketerone kene ka boemo ba nyakallo, 'me ho tlōla sebakeng se hanetsoeng, e hahabang e be libaka free, go tlhoma tlhaloganyo mo ka bohale lona tlaase. Ka nako, e le lesoba thehoa boemo valence, bochaba ho ea moeling lona e ka holimo. The dieleketerone ka libaka mahala recombine le masoba, radiating eneji, le lekanang le matla a sa libaka otlile, ka mokgwa wa photons. Recombination ka ntlafatsoa ke photons le boemo ba eneji, le lekaneng. Tlhaloso tlhamiwe lumellana ho Fermi mosebetsi kabo.

sesebediswa

The sesebediswa semiconductor tham mong bang laser ke tham mong bang laser diode pumped dieleketerone matla le mekoti e sebakeng leq-n--phetoho - ntlha ya ho ikopanya le conductive semiconductor p- le n g-mofuta. Ho feta moo, ho na le semiconductor lasers le Optical input matla a eo toloki ea thehoa ke absorption ea photons la leseli le quantum phorosela lasers, tse thehiloeng ho fetoha ka hare ho libaka sa.

sebopeho

metsoako e tloaelehileng e sebediswang lasers semiconductor le lisebelisoa tse ling optoelectronic, ka tsela e latelang:

• gallium arsenide;
• gallium phosphide;
• gallium nitride;
• indium phosphide;
• indium gallium arsenide;
• gallium aluminium arsenide;
• gallium-indium-gallium nitride;
• phosphide, gallium-indium.

wavelength

Tsena metsoako - ka ho toba-lekhalo semiconductors. Indirect- (silicon e) ha e emit khanya ka matla a lekaneng le ka bokgoni. The wavelength tsa mahlaseli a kotsi le ba diode tham mong bang laser ho itšetlehile ka matla a ba matla photon, atamelang sehlopha lekhalo ea motsoako ka ho khetheha. The 3- le 4-karolo semiconductor metsoako eneji, le sehlopha sa 'mino lekhalo le ka ba sa khaotse a fapa-fapaneng tse fetang mengata e fapaneng mefuta e. Ka AlGaAs = Al _x Ga _{1-: x} Joalokaha, ho etsa mohlala, ho eketsa aluminium dikahare (eketseha: x) e na le phello ea ho eketseha ha lekhalo eneji, le sehlopha sa 'mino.

Ha atileng ka ho fetisisa lasers semiconductor sebetsa ka haufi le karolo go la la la manyenyane, ba bang ba emit e khubelu (gallium indium phosphide), putsoa kapa pherese (gallium nitride) mebala. Karolelano ea go la la semiconductor tham mong bang laser (etella pele selenide) le quantum phorosela lasers.

semiconductors manyolo

Ntle le tse ka holimo metsoako inorganic ka sebediswa le manyolo. thekenoloji loketseng ho tse sa ntse e le tlas'a ntshetsopele, empa liketsahalo tsa lona o tšepisa hore o fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea lasers. Ho fihlela joale, feela pele lasers manyolo le Optical eneji, le input le phahameng tshebetso motlakase pompo e-s'o fihlile.

mefuta e

Ke plurality tsa lasers semiconductor le entsprechen fapaneng le boleng kopo.

Nyenyane tsa laser diodes hlahisa khanya ea boleng bo phahameng phetha molao mahlaseli eo matla mekoloko tloha makholo a seng makae ho milliwatts makholo a mahlano. le tham mong bang laser diode ladica i ke tšesaane ya khutlonnetsepa poleiti, eo sebeletsa e le waveguide, kaha mahlaseli a sa felle feela sebaka e monyenyane. Crystal doped ka mahlakoreng ka bobeli ho bopa pn-phetoho ea sebakeng seo e khōlō. Lipheletsong bentšitsoeng theha resonator Optical tsa Fabry - Perot interferometer. Photon, fetang cavity oa ho baka recombination mahlaseli tla eketseha, 'me li tla qala ho moloko oa. Ba li sebelisoa ka laser sesupi, CD- le DVD-libapali, hammoho le faeba optic.

lasers tlaase matla le lasers tiileng ka cavity Link bakeng sa generating linaoa lekgutshwanyane a ka nyalanya liketsahalo.

semiconductor lasers ka cavity Link comprised tsa tham mong bang laser diode, e phetha karolo ea ka ho hlophisoa ha leruo la ho se mahareng ho feta ka laser-resonator. Ea nang le bokhoni ba ho fetola wavelengths le na le moqotetsane mohlapo sehlopha.

Ente lasers ke semiconductor sebakeng sa mahlaseli a ka sehlopha sa 'mino sephara, ka hlahisa ka tlaase boleng toloki matla a Watts' maloa. Ho na le e le tšesaane lera a sebetsang a nyatsa-pakeng tsa p- le n g-kolohantsoeng, eaba ba etsa heterojunction habeli. The mochine a bileng litlamong ba leseli ka tsela e lateral ke le sieo, e leng se ka ellipticity phahameng kgetsana le maqhubu a unacceptably phahameng monyako.

E matla diode tse fapaneng, e bopilweng ka e drive ya diodes, protepente, ba nang le bokhoni ba hlahisa khanya ea mediocre boleng matla a mashome a Watts.

E matla peli tlhakore tse fapaneng tsa diodes ka hlahisa e matla ba likete tse makholo Watts.

Holim-emitting lasers (VCSEL) emitting khanya khumo toloki boleng ka milliwatts maloa perpendicular ho poleiti e. Ka mahlaseli a holim 'a resonator seiponeng e sebelisoa ka mokgwa wa le dikarolo ka dynes ¼ tsokoang le fapaneng indices refractive. Ka ladica i e le 'ngoe ka etswa lasers makholo a' maloa, e leng se bulela monyetla oa ho fana ka tlhahiso le boima.

C VECSEL lasers Optical eneji, le input le e Link resonator khona ho generating e toloki ea botle boleng matla a Watts 'maloa ka mokgwa wa notlela.

Mosebetsi semiconductor tham mong bang laser quantum phorosela mofuta e thehiloeng ho fetoha ka hare ho lihlopha sa (ho fapana ho interband le). disebediswsa tsena emit sebakeng bohareng ba manyenyane go la la, ka linako tse ling ka terahertz telele. Ba sebelisoa, ho etsa mohlala, e le analyzers khase.

Semiconductor lasers: ya kopo le likarolo tse khōlō tsa

Phahameng-e leng matla diode lasers le haholo pellet pumped ka voltages itekanetseng li sebelisoa e le mokhoa haholo atlehang oa fa eneji, le tiileng lasers naha.

Semiconductor lasers ka sebetsa ka e mengata e fapaneng e khōlō ea maqhubu a le akarelletsang bonahalang, haufi le go la la le bohareng go la la karolo ea a manyenyane ka. disebediswsa bōpetsoe hore ba hape fetola maqhubu izducheniya.

Laser diodes ka potlako switjha le modulate le matla Optical hore e sebelisoa ka faeba optic mela le puisano e mechine.

litšobotsi tse tsena entse semiconductor lasers ke theknolojing ea mofuta bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa maser. Di sebediswa:

• ka e hlahlobang telemetry, pyrometers, Optical altimeter, rangefinders, libaka, hololaser;
• ka faeba tsamaiso ea Optical phetiso le poloko ya data, tsamaiso ea puisano e ntle kamehla lehafing;
• bahatisi tham mong bang laser, projectors video, tlhabilwe botlhale, bareng khoutu itlho, setšoantšo itlho, CD-libapali (DVD, CD, Blu-Ray);
• ka mekgwa ya tshireletso, quantum cryptography, itsamaise, litsupa;
• ka metrology Optical le spectroscopy;
• ka ho buuoa, ho phekola meno, cosmetology, phekolo;
• tlhoekiso ea metsi, lintho tse bonahalang ho tshwara, pompa tsa lasers boemo tiileng, taolo ya lik'hemik'hale ka hlopha liindasteri, mechine liindasteri, tsamaiso ea thothetsang molelo, 'me tsamaiso ea moea itšireletsa.

pulse length khumo

Fetisisa semiconductor tham mong bang laser etsa chelete e toloki e tsoelang pele. Ka lebaka la ho e khutšoanyane ea bolulo nakong ea dieleketerone ka boemo conduction ba se loketse haholo bakeng sa ho hlahisa ka Q-lithuto tsa linaoa, empa quasi-e tsoelang pele mokgwa wa ho sebetsa ka haholo eketsa quantum jenereithara matla. Ho phaella moo, semiconductor lasers 'na ha sebelisoa bakeng sa moloko oa ultrashort pulse length mokgwa wa-notletsoe kapa switjha la leruo la ho. Karolelano ea matla linaoa khutšoanyane, hangata feela ho milliwatts seng kae ntle lasers VECSEL-optically pumped, eo khumo wattage lekanya picosecond linaoa le maqhubu a mashome a gigahertz.

Diileketerone le tsitsisoa

Ka ba molemo ho lekgutshwanyane oa bolulo le elektrone e conduction sehlopha sa lasers semiconductor ke bokhoni ba ho modulate le maqhubu a phahameng eo na VCSEL-lasers feta GHz 10. Ho 'nile ha sebelisoa ka ho ya data Optical phetiso, spectroscopy, tham mong bang laser tsitsisoa.