Sedimentary majoe

Hoo e ka bang karolo ea 75% ea lefats'e la lefatše e akaretsa majoe a sedimentary. Sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa karolo e fetang halofo ea liminerale tse nkiloeng likoting tsa lefatše. Li lebisitsoe haholo lik'honthinente, lithelefong le marulelong a khabane, 'me hoo e ka bang 15 lekholong e ka tlase ho maoatle.

Libaka tsa sedimentary li thehoa ka ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa meteoing le likhahla tsa mokelikeli ona haholo-holo metsing (ka makhetlo a fokolang fatše), hammoho le nakong ea ts'ebetso ea li-glaciers. Sefuba se ka etsahala ka litsela tse fapaneng. Ho itšetlehile ka sebōpeho sa eona, lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa majoe a sedimentary li khetholloa:

- lihlopha-li bakoa ke maemo a leholimo a holimo, ho tsamaisa le ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ling;

- colloidal-sedimentary - e thehoa ka lebaka la ho senyeha ha lik'hemik'hale, ho e-na le ho thehoa ha tharollo ea colloidal ;

- chemogenic - e thehoa nakong ea ha metsi a le mongobo a hlaseloa ke metsi a bakoang ke lik'hemik'hale kapa ho bakoa ke lisosa tse sa tšoaneng tsa ho phahamisa tharollo;

- likokoana-hloko - phello ea lik'hemik'hale tse etsoang ka ho kenya letsoho linthong tse phelang;

- biogenic, kapa organogenic - phello ea mosebetsi oa bohlokoa oa likokoana-hloko.

Ho tloaelehile ho fumana majoe a seretse a kopanyang likarolo tsa lihlopha tse sa tšoaneng. Sehlopha se fanoeng ka holimo se ba ama le sehlopha se le seng. Ka mohlala, majoe a mokoetla, a ka 'nang a e-na le lihlopha tsa khale, tsa organogenic, tsa chemogenic kapa tsa likokoana-hloko, ke tsa majoe a likokoana-hloko.

Lik'hemik'hale tsa majoe a sedimentary li fapana le magmatic ka palo e kholo ea majoe a marang-rang le phapang e phahameng haholo. Sena se hlalositsoe ke 'nete ea hore lintho tse entsoeng ka tsona ke lihlahisoa tsa meteoing tsa metamorphic, magmatic le tsa khale tsa sedimentary, hammoho le likhase le likaroloana tsa diminera tse qhibilihisitsoeng metsing a tlhaho, lihlahisoa tsa bophelo ba lintho tse phelang, lihlahisoa tsa ho foqoha ha seretse se chesang esita le likaroloana tsa meteorites (mohlala, li-nickel-iron balls ). Ho phaella moo, hangata li na le litšoantšo tsa limela le liphoofolo tsa khale tse sa pheleng. Ka molao, lilemo tsa mesaletsa ea lintho tse joalo li lekanang le lilemo tsa majoe, empa ho boetse ho na le lilemong tsa khale, tse setseng tsa setopo.

Majoe a mang (li-diatomite, limmulith le majoe a majoe a bryozoan le a mang) a na le lihlopha tse phelang (biomorphic) kapa li-fragments (detritus). Mehaho ea li-biomorphic (tsohle-porous), mesaletsa e arohane, e kopantsoe ka samente (li-shells tsa brachiopod) kapa e hōla, e theha limela tse kgolo (coral kapa bryozoan limestones). Mehaho ea Detritus e thehoa metsing a sa tebang tlas'a tšusumetso ea likhetla tse senyang tsa thabo kapa ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa bohlokoa oa liphoofolo tse jang likokoana-hloko, likhetla tse rohakang e le hore li ntše lijo.

Libaka tsa Sedimentary li thehoa ka tsela e latelang: ha motsoali a le majoe a timetsoa, ho qalisoa boitsebiso bo qalang, bo tsamaisoang ke metsi, moea kapa maqhoqhoa, ebe bo kenngoa mobung le tlase ea libotlo tsa metsi. Ka lebaka leo, ho na le sekhahla se entsoeng ka likaroloana tse sa tšoaneng tse thehiloeng ka metsi kapa ka ho feletseng, le ho ba le sebopeho se senyehileng. Seretse sena, se fetotsoe ha nako e ntse e ea, ke lefika la sedimentary.

Tsamaiso ea sedimentation e hlaha tlas'a tšusumetso ea boemo ba leholimo le puso ea tectonic. Maemong a mongobo (mocheso le mocheso) boemo ba mocheso, limela, li-diatomite, caustobioliths (liminerale tse tukang) li thehoa. Bakeng sa libaka tse omeletseng (o omileng), majoe a majoe a majoe, gypsum, anhydrite le letsoai la rock ke litšoaneleho . Libakeng tse pota-potiloeng, likarolo tse matla tsa majoe a sedimentary li bokella, tse khetholloang ke likarolo tse kang ho fapana ha sepakapaka le motley e entsoeng ka lintho tse silafatsang. Litepeng, ho e-na le hoo, ho na le likarolo tsa majoe a tlaase a nang le sebopeho se seng se sa tšoaneng sa lisebelisoa tse senyang.

Ka lebaka la hore maemo a sedimentation mehleng ea khale ea geolo e ne e le haufi le mehleng ea kajeno kapa e tšoanang, motheong oa boitsebiso bo mabapi le mofuta oa ho aroloa ha majoe holim'a lefatše, motho o ka tsosolosa boemo ba paleotectonic le paleogeographic lefatšeng.