Sebopeho ea limolek'hule o ... eng ntho e na le sebopeho limolek'hule

Joalokaha u tseba, k'hemistri ithuta sebopeho le thepa ya dintho, hammoho le lengths ba li entseng. E le oa bohlokoa ka characterization tsa metsoako lik'hemik'hale ke potso eo, ho tloha seo hantle ba bopilwe likaroloana. Sena se ka 'na ba liathomo, ions kapa limolek'hule. Ka-butle, li akarelletsa libaka kristale lekhoakhoa. Sebopeho ea limolek'hule o na le palo e fokolang ea metsoako teng tiileng, mokelikeli le naha gaseous.

Ka pampiri ena, re hlahisa ka mehlala ea thepa tse tšoauoa ka lattices ea limolek'hule, hammoho le ho ela hloko mefuta e 'maloa intermolecular ditshebeditsano itseng ho-butle, sephalli le likhase.

Ke hobane'ng ha ke lokela ho tseba kaheho ea metsoako lik'hemik'hale

Ka mong le e mong lekala ea tsebo ea motho, o ka khetha sehlopha sa melao ea motheo tseo ntshetsopeleng eketsehileng ba saense. Ka k'hemistri - khopolo MV University le George. Dalton, a hlalosa le athomo le limolek'hule tsa taba. E le bo-rasaense ba sa, ka ho tseba sebopeho hare, ho ka etsahala hore motho a bolele thepa meleng le lik'hemik'hale tsa kompone. All palo e khōlō ea artificially tsa maiketsetso manyolo dintho motho (dipolasetiki, meriana, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, joalo-joalo) ba fana esale pele litšobotsi le thepa, ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho e sebelisa indasteri le e ruuoang.

Tsebo ea likarolo mehaho le thepa ya metsoako ea bolela ka ho khanna taolo dikarolo, liteko le litlhahlobo tseleng k'hemistri. Ka mohlala, e sisintsweng lethathamo la dintho fumana karabo e nepahetseng: seo ke sebopeho limolek'hule tsa ntho ee?

• Zinki.
• Magnesium oxide e.
• Diamond.
• Naphthalene naphthalene.

Karabo e nepahetseng ke: zinki na le sebopeho ea limolek'hule, hammoho le naphthalene naphthalene.

makhotla a Intermolecular

Ho ile ha thehoa experimentally hore mohaho limolek'hule tloaelehileng bakeng sa thepa e le lintlha tse tlaase qhibiliha le tlaase thatafala. Ke eng e ka hlalosa fragility tsa lattices le kristale ea metsoako tsee? Ha e ntse e ile, tsohle itšetlehile ka matla a phello e kopanetsoeng ea likaroloana le ka hare ho libaka tsa bona. Ho na le ea motlakase ke lintho tsa tlhaho 'me o bitsoa intermolecular sebelisana kapa le van der mabotho Waals, tseo li thehiloe susumetsa e mong le e tse ling tse limolek'hule oppositely qosoa - dipole moment. Ho ile ha fumaneha hore ho na le mekgwa e 'maloa ea sebopeho bona, ho itšetlehile ka mofuta wa ntho ka boeona.

Acid e ka ho hlophisoa limolek'hule tsa kompone

Tharollo acid ho fetisisa, ka bobeli manyolo le inorganic, Polar na le likaroloana tse sekametseng amanang le ho e mong le e tse ling tse lipalo oppositely qosoa. Ka mohlala, ka tharollo ea chloride acid e HCI dipole moment ba teng, pakeng tsa eo ho na le sebelisana orientational. Le keketseho ea mocheso oa limolek'hule tsa hydrochloric, hydrobromic (HBr) le acid tse ling halogen, ho fokotseha orientational e le hantle, ho tloha tshisinyo mogote ea likaroloana le thibela bobeli khahloa bona. Ntle le lintho tse ka holimo ho tse thathamisitsoeng, mohaho limolek'hule ke sucrose, naphthalene naphthalene, ethanol le metsoako e meng manyolo.

Ka ho hlaha hlohlelletsoa likaroloana qosoa

Pejana ho moo, re sheba e mong oa mekgwa ya bohato ba le van der mabotho Waals, e bitsoang dikamano sebelisana. Hape metsoako manyolo le acid halogen-e nang, mohaho limolek'hule o oxide e hydrogen e - metsi. Ha dintho e entsoeng ka bao e seng Polar, empa ba rata ho theha dipole moment, limolek'hule tse kang carbon dioxide e CO _2, ho ka etsahala ho boloka ketsahalo ya likaroloana hlohlelletsoa qosoa - dipole moment. bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa karolo e bona - le matla a ho khahloa ke e mong, ka lebaka la ho hlaha ha mabotho a electrostatic khahloa.

Sebopeho limolek'hule tsa khase

Ha re ntse re boletsoeng pejana Subtitle komponeng tse kang carbon dioxide. E mong le e athomo e baka ho pota ho bona ka bobona le tšimo ea motlakase tse bitsang karohanyo athomo lutse haufi le limolek'hule tsa carbon dioxide. E fetotsoeng ho moment, e leng, le eena, a fetoha ea nang le bokhoni ea karohanyo ea likaroloana tse ling CO _2. Ka lebaka leo, limolek'hule ba khahloa ke e mong le e tse ling. Inductive ditshebeditsano ka ho ketekoa le dintho e entsoeng ka likaroloana Polar, le hoja e le tabeng ena e fokolang haholo ho feta tlwaetso ya le van der Waals sebetse.

sebelisana ho hasana

E le liathomo bona, le likaroloana kenyelelitsoe sebopeho (dieleketerone konokono) bona ba ka khona ho tsoele pele rotational le vibrational sisinyehang. E isang ponahalo ea dipole moment ena. Ho ea ka lithuto tsa ea nyenyenyane quantum, le ketsahalo e ea likaroloana instantaneous dvuzaryadnyh le hlaha ka-butle 'me ka maro synchronously, e le hore ea lipheletsong tsa limolek'hule le haufi, hlaha ka lipalo bo fapaneng. Sena se etsa hore ho khahloa bona electrostatic, o ba amohetse lebitso la sebelisana ho hasana. Ke tšobotsi ea dintho tsohle, ntle le bao e leng ka boemo gaseous, le eo limolek'hule monatomic. Leha ho le joalo, le van der mabotho Waals 'na ha hlaha, ho etsa mohlala, ha ke feta likhase inert (tse kang helium, Neon) ka mohato mokelikeli ka thempereichara e tlaase. Kahoo, mohaho limolek'hule tsa maro a 'mele kapa ho etsa hore matla a bona a ho theha intermolecular ditshebeditsano tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng: tlwaetso hlohlelletsoa kapa qhalakana.

sublimation ke eng

Sebopeho limolek'hule tsa 'mele tse tiileng, tse kang kristale a iodine litareng e le hore a ka lipono tse makatsang' meleng thahasellisang ka sublimation - limolek'hule volatilization Ke ₂ e le mouoane ya pherese. Ho tluoa tabeng ea ho tloha holim 'a ntho e mohato le tiileng, ba eta puso mokelikeli.

Sena boiphihlelo pono e hlollang ka botle e atisa ho etsoa ka litlelase oa thuto ea k'hemistri ho bontša litšobotsi tsa sebopeho sa lattices limolek'hule kristale le thepa amanang ea metsoako. Ka tloaelo ho sena se thatafala tlaase, qhibiliha tlaase le lintlha tse e belang e, mafutsana mogote le motlakase conductivity, volatility.

Tshebediso o sebetsang oa tsebo mabapi le sebōpeho sa taba

Joalokaha re bone, ho ka etsahala ho theha Correlation tobileng pakeng tsa lekhoakhoa mofuta, sebopeho le thepa ea ho kompone. Ka hona, haeba le litšobotsi tse tsejoang tsa lintho tse bonahalang tse, e ke ho le bonolo ka ho lekaneng ho bolela esale pele lintho tse hlahang sebopeho lona le ho hlophisoa ha likaroloana: liathomo, limolek'hule kapa ions. Tlhahisoleseding sephetho le ka boela ba molemo haeba u lokela ho likabelo k'hemistri ho tloha sehlopha itseng tsa metsoako ho khetha ntho ho ba le sebopeho sa ea limolek'hule, ho sa kenyeletswe tseo eo ho eona ho na le mefuta e sa lattices athomo kapa ionic.

Akaretsa, re ka fihlela qeto ea ho latelang: sebopeho ea limolek'hule ke tiileng, 'me sebopeho sa lona tlhaloganya sebaka sa lekhoakhoa kristale,' me likarolo polarized tokisetso ea likaroloana tse sephalli le likhase tse ka botlalo boikarabelo ba ho thepa lona 'meleng le lik'hemik'hale. Ho latela mogopolofela thepa ya metsoako e nang le dipole moment, li itšetlehile ka matla a sebelisana le intermolecular. A phahameng polarity ea limolek'hule le nyenyane radius ea liathomo ka sebopeho bona, u tla matlafala mabotho dikamano generated therebetween. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, le liathomo tse ngata ka molek'hule ea, e khōlō moment lona motsotsoana, 'me mabotho Ka hona ho feta bohlokoa qhalakana. Kahoo, mohaho limolek'hule tsa 'mele e tiileng le e ama tse eketsehileng mabapi le mabotho a sona sebelisana pakeng tsa likaroloana le - dipole moment.