Moo ke Don River? Le molomong oa tlhaloso Don River

Noka Don (Russia) - e mong oa kholo ka ho fetisisa karolong e ka European ea naha. gare ga mokoti sebakeng lona -. tse 422 tse sekete sq M. km SE. Ho latela pontshi ee Europe, ea bobeli feela ho Don Danube, Dnieper le Volga. Nōkeng e ka 1870 km SE.

pale

Noka Don nakong e fetileng o ne a bitsoa Tanais. Bagerike ba boholo-holo a qapa tšōmo, ho ea ka eo ka pokello ena ka lebaka la lerato la unrequited khangoa ke metsi moshanyana ka lebitso leo. Tšimoloho ea lebitso "Don" bafuputsi ba amanang le Scythian-Sarmatian lentsoe "danu", ho bolelang "Nōka ea metsi".

Ea boholo-holo Segerike bangodi hangata ho thoeng ke Tanais River Don, le Donets. Ea bobeli e ka nako eo e haufi le lefatše se tsoetseng pele, e le, ka mohlala, Ptolemy lumela Don (Girgis) tšubuhlellano Seveskogo Donets (Tanais). Ka molomo oa nōka ea lebitso tšoanang o ne a bōpiloe ke kolone ea Segerike ea Tanais.

lintlha tse thahasellisang setseng Ritter bukeng ea «Vorhalle». E fellang kateng le hore Leoatleng la Azov ba boholo-holo ba ne ba sa le teng, 'me ho Nōka Don psha ka Leoatleng le Letšo haufi le Kerch Strait. Ho latela mofuputsi e Konrad Peutinger, ka mohloli oa Don ho na le mantsoe a ngotsoeng hore e re ke "Nōka Tanais, e arola Europe ho tloha Asia."

The Normans ka sagas bona e mong ea bitsoang Don Vanakvislem. Count Potocki bokane nōka e ngata litšōmo le lipale tse iqapetsoeng. Dmitriy Ivanovich Donskoy ka 1380 hlōla Tatar-Mongol lebotho la ka ea tšimo Kulikovo, ka ntlha moo noka kopana le Nepryadva Don, e leng seo a ileng ae fuoa lebitso la boswaswi la hae sonorous.

E o tsejoa hore ho tloha nakong immemorial ka molomong oa Don ile teng motseng oa Tana. E ne e hahiloe ka ralikolone tloha Greece le ne tlase ho 'muso oa Bosporus. Sena mabenkeleng boom boom toropo le litho tsa Genoese, ho Venetians. Feela 1475, Tan e ile ea haptjoa ke Maturkey le rehoa Azov (Asofe). Ka mor'a moo, bohle khoebo le boemeli litaba tsa puso Russia le Constantinople le Crimea ba ileng ba ho tsoa haholo-holo ka nōka ea Don.

Don - the belehoa ba likepe Russia: sesole, hlaha ka boiteko ba Peter e Moholo ka 1696, 'me indasteri, se hlahileng ka tlas'a Catherine II ka 1772.

mohloding

Noka Don sebakeng Tula simoloha. Mohloli o lona - le molapo nyane Urvanka phallang ka Novomoskovsk motse phakeng. Ka sebaka sa ho qala ha nōka beha sefika sa tšoantšetso o bitsoa "Mohloli oa Don." Pond ka rarahaneng ena meralo le e na le hlahang ho yona maiketsetso, ho se tsamaisoa tswa phepelo ea moo metsi.

Pejana ho moo, e leng mohloli oa noka ba nahana Ivan letšeng, empa e le Don hangata ha tlalehwa. Tšimoloho ea nōkeng e ka linako tse ling bitsoa Shatskikh pokello, eo e teng ka leboea ho Novomoskovsk, Tula Region, empa e aroloa ho ea Don sa terene a letamo.

Mofuta wa le kanaleng hammoho le phula

Don o e tloaelehileng ea liphula mabalane noka mme sebopeho sa le kanaleng e. Nōka ea fetola tataiso ea ka makhetlo a mane, skirting litšitiso 'maloa Geological. Lihat profil lona o mocha longitudinal le ba fokolang fokotseha ikutloeleng melomo ea letsoapong la, boleng seo ka sona ke likhato 0,1. Kakaretso tataiso ea phallo ea Don - ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa. Hoo e ka bang tsohle tsela ho theosa le noka ba pota-potiloe ke phula ea pele e na le floodplain ka bophara le tse fapa-fapaneng le leholo la libetsa. Tlaase ho linoka Don fihla bophara ea 12-15 km SE. Sebakeng se haufi le motse oa Kalach-on-Don noka phuleng ena a petetswa maporogo ea Volga le Central Russia Upland. Sebakeng sena se senyenyane sa nōka floodplain ke le siyo.

Noka Valley e na le sebopeho sa karolelano. Banka letona la Don e haholo phahameng, libakeng tse ling ho fihlela ho limithara tse 230, e le letšehali - e tlaase-ho bua leshano le bataletse. Nōka e khutsitseng le lieha. "Thekiso Don" Ha ho makatse hore ebe e bitsoa noka. Cossacks Local tlhompho bitsoa noka "Don-ntate." Bafuputsi ba lumela nōka hydrographs-e mong oa khale ka ho fetisisa karolong e ka European tsa Russia.

Molomong oa Don River

Don psha ka Leoatleng la Azov - Taganrog Bay. Qalang ho tloha motseng oa Rostov-on-Don, nōka ea baka makgobokgobo ea, koahela e leng sebaka sa limithara tse lisekoere 540. km SE. Mothating ona, ho bethe noka e arotsoe ka plurality tsa ducts le hoses. Kholo ka ho fetisisa ba bona ba - Egurcha, Perevoloka, Kuterma haholo, haholo Calancea, Old Don, Shoeleng Donets.

puso

Ha gare ga mokoti o moholo Don o e batlang e le e tlase dikahare metsi. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore beisine noka e teng ka ho feletseng ka hara steppe le steppe moru ka libaka. Don conductivity ka tlaase haholo ho feta ea linoka Northern Region (Pechora, Northern Dvina) ke ka 900 limithara ³ / s.

Metsi Don mokgwa wa e boetse ke tloaelehileng bakeng sa linōka phallang ka steppe le a klimate a moru ka libaka. Matla a Nōka advantageously lehloa (70%), hammoho le letsopa le pula. Don o na le e phahameng selemo leqhubu, athe ba bang kaofela ba selemo, boemo ba lona e tlaase haholo. Ho tloha koalo selemo ho phahamisa 'me moroallo latelang phallo le liphororong metsi.

The boholo ba liphetoho metsi ka Don pholletsa le bohlokoa le ho tšoana le ho limithara tse 8-13. Nōka ea matla ata ka floodplain, haholo-holo ka fihlang ka tlaase. Hangata Don maqhubu a mabeli a likhohola. Pele le hlaha ka nako ya ho amohela thawed, lehloa metsi ho tswa ho tlase la nōka (Cossack kapa metsi a batang), ho ea bobeli ke e loketseng ho inflow tswa Don holimo (metsi a futhumetseng). Ha snowmelt e lieha, maqhubu a mabeli kopane, 'me joale ho moroallo o matla ho, empa tlase e telele.

Don noka koahetsoe ke leqhoa qetellong ea hoetla kapa mathoasong a mariha. Ho elella bofelong ba March nōka e ile a bula kwa tlase, ka nako eo leqhoa e robehile fetang bolelele kaofela, 'me ka ho finyellang ka holimo.

Phagocytal noka karohano

Kenya opisnie Don River - e se ntho e bonolo, ka lebaka la boleng ba eona palo ea boraro har'a linōka tsohle sebakeng se European tsa Russia. Phagocytal Don ka aroloa likarolo tse tharo: e ka holimo, o bohareng ba le ka tlaase.

From mohloling oa 'ona ho confluence lona le noka Pine Thekiso phallang sebakeng Voronezh ka Holimo Don. Mona o na le moqotetsane le matsoelintsoeke phuleng ena, ka Shoals, metjha e.

Bohareng Don naha - tsoang molomong oa sa phaena Thekiso ho Kalach-on-Don. Mothating ona, nōka ea fihla phuleng e atolosa haholo. Sredniy Don phethoa pokello haha haufi le motse oa Tsimlyanskaya.

Lower Don phallang ho tloha toropong ea Kalach-on-Don ho molomo. Bakeng sa Tsimlyansk pokello noka e na le mefuta e (12 ho 15 km) le khōlō phuleng ena floodplain. Don botebo libakeng tse ling ho fihlela ho limithara tse leshome le metso e mehlano.

The melatswana kholo ka ho fetisisa ea nōka eo ke Voronezh, Ilovlya, Bear, Hopper, Bityug, Manych, Sal, Seversky Donets.

tshebediso ya

Ho e leng sebaka sa km 1590 molomong oa eona ka ho ea motseng oa Voronezh noka Don ke likepe. The likoung kholo ka ho fetisisa ba sebakeng motseng oa Azov, Rostov-na-Donu, Volgodonsk, Kalach-on-Don, Liski.

Sebakeng se haufi le motse oa Kalach Don atamela Volga - e teng ka 80 km-hang. Tse peli tse khōlō linōka Russia amanang le Volga-Don thomello kanale, kaho ea e ne e entsoe khoneha ka mora ho bōptjoa ha Tsimlyansk pokello.

Sebakeng motse Tsimlyanskaya emisa letamo le haufi le Crest ea 12,8 km le ka bolelele. Haeterojene hlahisa boemo ba nōka e limithara tse 27 'me e bopa e Tsimlyansk pokello, metsotso ho tloha motseng oa Golubinskaya motseng oa Volgodonsk. Bokgoni ba pokello e - 21,5 km SE ^3, sebakeng - 2600 km le ^2. Ha letamo le fehlang motlakase e sebetsa. Metsi ho tswa ho Tsimlyansk pokello nosetsoang Salsk steppe le steppe libakeng tse ling Volgograd le Rostov libaka.

Tlase Tsimlyanskaya HPP, hoo e ka bang 130 dikhilomitha, botebo ba nōka Don tshehetswa ka gateways le haeterojene matamo: Kochetov, Constantine le Nicholas. The khale le tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ba bona ba - the Kochetov. Ho e teng 7,5 km SE tlase sebakeng seo ho sona Don fumana inflow Donetz. Waterworks ne e hahiloe ka lilemo tse 1914-1919 le nchafalitsoeng ka 2004-2008.

Botebo ba lakatsa bakeng sa thomello ka Don tlase haeterojene Kochetov tshehetswa ke dredging hlophisitsoeng ho tsoa botebong ba nōka (dredging).

The liphoofolo ka nōka beisine

Don River ke ruileng litlhapi. Har'a mefuta e sa nyenyane fumanoa chub, Rudd, Roach, kalaneng. Ho phaella moo, ka nōkeng fumanoa mefuta e kgolo le mahareng-boholo bo lekaneng ea litlhapi: Pike, bagre, kalaneng, bream. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ho tšilafalo a nōka le matla mojaro boithabiso lihlapi Don lula fokotseha.

Mabōpong a nōka, ka mokhoabo oo e, leo ho ahiloeng ho metsi Frog, linqanqana mollo-mankholi, newts le khekheng ea tloaelehileng. Baahi ba sebakeng seo ho sona ho Nōka Don, ke metsi le ba tloaelehileng linoha, likolopata metsi le digogwane tala. Tsa morao tjena ba phele ka seng feela haufi le nōka, empa hape le makhulo, ho hōla beisine lona.

Matla lema masimo pota Don se entse hore ho e le hantle hore sebakeng sena nyamela mefuta ea liphoofolo tse kang marmots, saiga, steppe matsa, lipere tse hlaha. Morao ka 60-70s ea tse lekholo tse fetileng ka melatswana a nōka ka bonoa marmots, likhama, likolobe-moru tse hlaha le muskrat. Joale, ka Don beisine phela litoeba: toeba, gopher, jerboa kgolo, noka Beaver. Ba fumaneng e le libatana tse nyenyane: moru le polecats steppe, mechalla, mink le otters noka. Beisine ba phele ka bo-'mankhane.

Lilemong tse 100-150 fetileng, palo ea linonyana nesting haufi le nōka, o ile a ka matla fokotsehile. Tebetse ke likhantsi, likhantši, lintsu, lintsu khauta, peregrine phakoe, mahe a linotši buzzard, phakoe e jang litlhapi, e tšoeu-gelada lintsu. Boithabiso ka nōka ea Don e ka tloaelo amanang le letata tsoma. Har'a telele-a sireletsa linonyana - likoekoe le matata, lla, haholo lehlaka warbler. Ka tlase ho tloaelehile hore batho mekotatsie, likokolofitoe le demoiselle. Ka nako u ka bona sefofane ea linonyana Goose, Greylag Goose le ba bang.

Flora

E o tsejoa hore Petrose e kopanela le libanka la Don moru bakeng sa kaho ea likepe le sebelisitsoe ka lintoa Serussia Turkish. Ke lilemong tsa bo-mashome a mabeli, batho ba bangata makhulong ka beisine e se e lengoa. A mefuta e fapaneng ya lifate tse bolokiloeng ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa libaka tse mongobo floodplain: alder buckthorn, alder theipi, e tšoeu birch, malandro e. Haufi le nōka hola cinquefoil Marsh, Lysimachia Thyrsiflora, sedge, Marsh horsetail, lehlaka.