Maloetseng Nonspecific: tlhaloso, mekgwa, lintlha le litšobotsi

Maloetseng ke rarahaneng oa mekhoa e sireletsang e fana ka le matla a 'mele a ho hanela litla mpe ea mahlahana a kantle. Ea bobeli, ho etsa mohlala, e kenyeletsa libaktheria, chefo, likokoana-hloko, 'mele e' ngoe. Saense ke mefuta e 'meli ea maloetseng: itseng le batho bao e seng e itseng. bobeli li tla tšohloa sehloohong se.

litšobotsi tse akaretsang

направлен против любого антигена. maloetseng tlhaho lebisitsoe antigen efe kapa efe. Phelang ka ho kenella ka hare ea taba tsoang linaheng tse ling e bopa e-ba le karabelo e lekaneng. Ba itšoara joang ka ba humoral kapa lisele boemong ba. Tabeng ea pele karabelo e hlahisoang ke ho hlahisa metsoako antibacterial. обеспечивает захват инородных веществ и цитотоксический эффект. maloetseng bao e seng e itseng lisele nolofalletsa ho tšoasoa ea taba tsoang linaheng tse ling le ho ba le phello e cytotoxic.

likarolo

) представлены в виде анатомических барьеров, секреторных молекул и прочих компонентов. lintlha bao e seng e itseng ya tshireletso (maloetseng) tse hlahisoang ka mokgwa wa ditshita tse anatomical, limolek'hule secretory le dikarolo tse ling. Tsa pele ho kenyeletsa le dikarolo epithelial ea mucous, letlalo, liphetoho bronchopulmonary cilia le fokotsa mantle a. считается врожденным. mofuta bao e seng e itseng ea maloetseng e nkoa tlhaho.

mehaho e phetha molao

формируют различные барьеры для инородных агентов. lintlha meleng maloetseng bao e seng e itseng seleng e-go ranolelwang kwa theha mekoallo tse sa tšoaneng ho mahlahana a tsoang linaheng tse ling. E le e mong oa mekoallo atlehang ka ho fetisisa ke epithelial holim'a. ditshita tse tsena ke hoo e batlang e impervious ho fetisisa tsa mahlahana ena. The tšitiso ea pele ke letlalo. Desquamation (gommage) epithelium kgothaletsa ho tlosa libaktheria le 'mele tse ling a tšoaetsanoang. peristalsis mala, ciliary mokhatlo oa fana ka tokollo e tlisitsoeng ea tsamaiso ea matšoafo le pampitšana gastrointestinal ke microorganisms. Mathe le meokho, ho hlatsoa le molomo le mahlo, kenya letsoho hore ho ho thibela tšoaetso ea. Hape e fana ka tšireletso le airway mucosa le pampitšana gastrointestinal.

metsoako lik'hemik'hale

maloetseng bao e seng e itseng e fane ka ka litsela tse ngata tse sa tšoaneng. Ka tsela e tsoanang bohlokoa kahoo metsoako thehoa nakong mahlahana a kenella ka hare. Kahoo, ntshetsopele ya libaktheria li khoehlisa tlas'a tšusumetso ea acid mofufutso mafura. Destabilizing phello e ka lera ea likokoana-hloko ba le phospholipase le lysozyme teng maro nasal, meokho le mathe. kgolo ya baktheria, ae fokotsang lebelo le ph tlaase ea maro gastric le mofufutso. Rua mosebetsi loantsang likokoana ea tlaase liprotheine boima limolek'hule (defensins) teng ka pampitšana gastrointestinal le matšoafo. The limela tlwaelehileng tsa letlalo 'me ka pampitšana ea gastrointestinal ke khona ho thibela kolone ea mahlahana pathogenic ke moloko oa metsoako chefo kapa ho phehisana le libaktheria tsa kamano ya holim'a metsi kapa limatlafatsi.

maloetseng Nonspecific: leveleng humoral

Ka sebele, litšitiso anatomical thibela kolone ea bokaholimo ke mahlahana pathogenic ke e atlehang haholo. Leha ho le joalo, tabeng ea ditshita tse tshenyo tlōla. Sena se nolofalletsa metsoako kotsi kena 'mele. Maemong a joalo, maloetseng bao e seng e itseng e butswe ka phahameng ka ho humoral. likarolo tsa lona ba teng le ka serum kapa ipokellela ka site ya tshwaetso diriswa.

tsamaiso e khopo

Ha tse fatang maikutlo ka 'mele oa mahlahana pathogenic li butswe mekgwa sireletsang. E le e mong oa bona o nka khato ka tsamaiso motlatsi. Tshebediso ya lona e tsamaea le rotloetsa le ea phagocytes, lysosomes, ho eketseha ha e lumellang metsi ho kena vascular. mochine o mong ke tsamaiso coagulation. E butswe ho itšetlehile ka ho tiea senya lisele. Ba bang ba tsamaiso ea fana ka lihlahisoa tsa ka karabelo nonspecific sireletsang ke eketseha vascular e lumellang metsi ho kena. Ba sebetsa e le chemoattractants - dintho tse, ikopanya mahlahana, qholotsa mokhatlo oa bona. Ho phaella moo, ba bang ba lihlahisoa na le phello e loantsang likokoana. Tsena li akarelletsa, ka mohlala, ho kenyeletsa beta-lysine. protheine ena e hlahisoang ke liplatelete nakong hoama. O lyse ngata libaktheria a mob mobile ea HIV. Transferrin le Lactoferrin tlama tšepe hlokahalang bakeng sa likokoana-hloko tse fokotsa kgolo ya bona. Interferons na le matla a ho lekanyetsa boikatiso bongata ba kokwanahloko. Lysozyme e senyang ho lera ea libaktheria.

Lisele tse maloetseng nonspecific

Karolo ea arabela tshwaetso mohau le rotloetsa le ea eosinophils polymorphonuclear, neutrophils, macrophages. Ba nka leeto la ho site ya selegae le ea libaktheria. lisele tse tsena li nkoa e le mola o ka sehloohong oa sireletsa maloetseng bao e seng e itseng. Neutrophils - leukocytes polymorphonuclear ba romeloa sebakeng sa tshwaetso le ho ke la tšoasoa libaktheria. lisele tse sa 'mele ka ba timetsa intracellularly kapa susumelletsa lerabeng kantle ho sele. Ho phaella moo, neutrophils ameha dinama tse nyenyane tse ho lokisa ka mor'a felisoa ha tšoaetso.

macrophages

likarolo tsena le bona ba na le matla a ho phagocytose (nkhape) lisele tse pathogenic le ho timetsa bona. Decontamination mahlahana a ya hlahiswa ka phahameng ka ho intracellular. Macrophages rua litšobotsi tse itseng. Ka mohlala, ba na le bokhoni ba ho kantle ho sele (kantle ho sele) timetso. Ntle le thepa ea motheo e amehang dinama tse nyenyane tse ntlafatsoa ha mohaho oo.

Ho phaella moo

Ntle le lisele tse ka holimo ho tsamaiso bao e seng e itseng sa 'mele e na le mokhoa oa tlhaho le lymphokine-butswe lisele tse' molai. likarolo tsena tse nang le bokhoni ba ho bolaea hlahala mahlahana a sa tshwaetso. lisele tse Killer ha ba nkoa e le karolo ea ka karabelo a hlabang. Leha ho le joalo, maloetseng bao e seng e itseng, ba ile ba phetha karolo ea bohlokoa. Hape hona joale tsamaisong eosinophils ena. Liprotheine granules ba bona ba atlehang ka ho khahlanong le tse 'maloa tsa likokoana-hloko.

ho ruruha

Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa itšoara joang hona o sebeletsa karohano tsa lintho tse phelang pathogenic le chefo bona ka lisele li ikhakantse, 'me joale timetso ea bona. Le ea bohlokoa ho khetheha mosebetsing oa ho hlabang tse histamine, serotonin le tse ling tse metsoako biologically mafolofolo. Ba kenya letsoho hore ho sa ho eketseha ha e lumellang metsi ho kena capillary, e le hore tsoelo-pele ea edema. Eo hona joale e mokelikeli ka mahlahana a bokella saeteng ke neutrophils, macrophages, antibody, motlatsi. Ba fana ka neutralization ea libaktheria le chefo bona. Ka sebaka sa tshebetso sa ho ruruha a tsitsinkela phagocytes. Ba theha mofuta oa mokoallo hore thibela ho ata sa tshwaetso. E boetse e qala ho ipokellela fibrinogen. Retelehela ho fibrin, ho fana ka hoama likepe tse nyenyane tsa mali le lisele tsa mmele. Sena se ba arola le ho ata ha tšoaetso ea ka tsona. The foci hlabang litsebeng phepelo ea mali. Ka tsela eo, ba qala ho ipokellela lihlahisoa acid e ea metabolism, le fokotswa ph. Ho hampe ama kgolo le ho ikatisa ea microorganisms.