Sebopeho, Saense ea
Maiketsetso Earth sathelaete
Maiketsetso Earth satellitari - e fofang rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng tse di behilwe ka orbit ea Lefatše le ho bapaloa ka bophara e ka orbit geocentric. Di ne ho hlokahala'ng hore mathata dirisega le saense. The lonthja pele tsa maiketsetso Earth sathelaete etsahetse la 4 October, 1957 ka USSR. E ne e le lekhetlo la pele maiketsetso leholimo 'mele hore o bōpiloe ke batho. Ketsahalo ena e ne e entsoe leboha khoneha ho ya ka dipholo tsa seo a se finyeletseng le masimong ngata Lata, lik'homphieutha, elektronike, nyenyenyane leholimo, taolo jarolla ka ho iketsa le likarolong tse ling tsa saense. Origin o ile a fa HAE ho lekanya segokanyipalo sa ea sepakapaka e ka holimo, ho hlahloba ho nepahala ha dipalelo le mogopolofela le motheo ditharollo botekgeniki hore kōpo ea khumo ka orbit sathelaete, ho fuputsa phetiso makgetheng-le-moea ka ionosphere ena.
Amerika qala maiketsetso sa eona sa pele sa satellite "Explorer 1" February 1, 1958, 'me joale, se hokae ka mor'a moo, lelekoa tshimolotse le linaheng tse ling: France, Australia, Japane, China, United Kingdom. Naheng ea ho etsa lipatlisiso le sebaka ho atile tšebelisano-'moho lipakeng tsa linaha lefatšeng ka bophara.
Rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng ka bitsoa motsoalle feela ka mor'a hore thōmo ea phetohelo ho feta feta a le mong ho pota Lefatše. Ho seng joalo, ha a ba ngolisitseng e le bo-mphato ba, 'me e tla a bua ka ho Lata fatang hore lekanya tsela ballistic.
sathelaete e nkoa e le mafolo-folo ha e loketseng o romela molaetsa, mabone le halima, leseli le matšoao fepa, ho lekanya thepa. Etseng letho satellitari maiketsetso a atisa ho sebelisa bakeng sa hlokometse'ng ho tloha holim 'polanete ha phetha ba bang ba mesebetsi ea saense. Tsena li akarelletsa satellitari diselennere ka bophara ho fihlela ho e ba mashome a seng makae tsa limithara tse.
Maiketsetso Earth satellitari ba arotsoe ka dikopo le ho etsa lipatlisiso, ho itšetlehile ka mesebetsi e etsoang ke ba. Ho etsa lipatlisiso ne a rerile hore ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa lihloliloeng tsa leholimo, ho Earth, ka holim'a sepakapaka. Tsena ke geodetic le geophysical satellitari potolohang linaleli sheba, joalo-joalo Dirisega satellitari - ke satellitari lipuisanong, satellitari tsamaya, satellitari boemo ba leholimo ho ithuta mehlodi ya Lefatše, botekgeniki le ba bang.
Maiketsetso satellitari Earth, e reretsoeng ho sefofane batho, ba bitsoa "tsamaea le mothusi rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng-satellitari". Satellitari ka Polar kapa Polar orbit ba bitsoa Polar, 'me e orbit equator - equator. Ema satellitari - e mathang ka equator satellitari chitja orbit bao tataiso ketekeloang hong le ba chenchana ea Lefatše, ba ne ba ntse a fanyehe holim'a ntlha e itseng lefatšeng. A arohile ho sathelaete ho fihlela qeto e ho orbit ba dintlha, tse kang fairing ea, ke se mahareng orbital beha dintho. Atisa ho bitsoa metsoalle ea, le hoja ba ba fallela haufi le orbit Earth le ke hangata beha dintho tsa hlokomela merero ea saense.
From 1957 ho 1962. ka lebitso la beha dintho sebaka bontsha selemo sa qala-ho fihlela le lengolo la alfabeta Segerike tsamaisanang le palo ya serial matha ka selemo fanoeng, hammoho le ho sebediswa makgetlo a Searabia - palo ea Sepheo sa, ho itšetlehile ka boleng ba lona ea saense kapa khanya. Empa a 'maloa a satellitari qala hōla ka potlako, ka lebaka le ka la 1 January, 1963 ba' nile ba thontsweng simolleng selemo, qala palo hona selemong seo le lengolo tsa alfabeta Latin.
Satellitari e ka ba e fapaneng ka boholo, dipaterone, moralo, boima ba 'mele, sebopeho, avionics, ho itšetlehile ka litlhoko tsa hao. Matla a thepa ea phepelo ea hoo e ka bang tsohle satellitari hlahisoang ke diphanele letsatsi hlomamisa bokantle ba sekepe ho ea.
satellitari Orbit di behilwe ka thuso ea ka tsela e iketsang e laoloa rockets selotlolo sethaleng. satellitari maiketsetso ho ya mokhatlo oa etseng letho (tsomule lipolanete hanyetsa Sepakapaka , joalo-joalo) le a sebetsang a (ha hlomamisa ka sathelaete Lata enjene) mabotho.
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