Lisele tse T-Mothusi, ke eng? Ithute hore na ho bolela'ng ho mothusi lisele tse T tsosoa kapa theolela

'Mele oa motho le akarelletsa plurality ea likarolo tseo ke likamanong kamehla le e mong le e tse ling. The mekgwa ya sehlooho ke ena: ho hema, tshilong ya dijo, pelo, urogenital, endocrine le methapo tsamaiso ea. Le hore a sireletse e mong ea likarolo tsena, ho na le tšireletso ea khethehileng. Mochine e re sireletsang litšusumetso tse kotsi tsa tikoloho, ke 'mele. O, joaloka tsamaiso ea tse ling tsa 'mele, o na le mabapi le tsamaiso ea bohareng methapo le sethusathuto endocrine.

Karolo e phethoang ke boitshireletso ba mmele 'meleng

Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa maloetseng - ikarabella khahlanong le lintho tse tsoang linaheng tse ling tse phunyeletse ho tloha tikoloho kapa generated endogenously nakong dithulaganyo pathological. ketso eo ea hae a phethahatsa ka lisele tse khethehileng mali - lymphocytes. Lymphocytes ke lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali le mefuta e sa tsoaneng ke kamehla o teng ka 'mele oa motho. keketseho ea bona e bontša hore tsamaiso ea e loana le moemeli tsoang linaheng tse ling, 'me phokotso - hlōleha ha tšireletso ea' mele ea ho - khaello 'mele. mosebetsi e mong ke ho neoplasms ntoa, e leng e sebediswa ke hlahala necrosis lebaka. boitshireletso ba mmele kenyelletsa ditokiseletso e plurality tsa 'mele, eo sebeletsa e le mokoallo ho lintlha kotsi. Tsena li akarelletsa:

• letlalo;
• le thymus;
• spleen;
• lisele tsa mmele nodes;
• khubelu lesapo moko;
• mali.

Ho na le 2 mefuta ya mekgwa tse inextricably amana. maloetseng lisele etsa taolo ya likaroloana tse kotsi ka ho T-lymphocytes. dibopeho tsena, le eena, arologanyediwa ka paka ya ka T lisele tse mothusi, T-suppressor le lisele tse T-molai.

Sebetsa maloetseng lisele

maloetseng lisele sebetsang ka boemo ba dibopeho tse nyenyane ka ho fetisisa tsa 'mele. tšireletso ea sena se akarelletsa a 'maloa a lymphocytes fapaneng, e mong le e ba tse etsang mosebetsi itseng. Kaofela ba e simolohe ho tloha tšoeu lisele tsa mali le ho lula le bongata ba tsona. Lebitso la T-lymphocytes ne e loketseng sebakeng sa bona se hlahang ho yona - the thymus. The thymus tšoelesa e qala ho hlahisa dibopeho tsena boitshireletso esita le nakong batho ntshetsopeleng embryonic, khethollo ea ba lipheletsong tsa bona ka bongoaneng. Butle-butle, 'mele o khaotsa ho sebetsa,' me ho lilemo tse 15-18 bopilwe feela ya mafura dinama tse nyenyane tse. Thymus etsa chelete feela metsoako ea maloetseng lisele - T lisele tse: lisele tse mothusi, lisele tse 'molai le suppressor.

Ka mor'a ho kopana le moemeli tsoang linaheng tse ling, 'mele o activates ea sona ho itšireletsa, ke hore, sireletsehile maloetseng ana. Pele ho ntlha ea tsohle tse kotsi qala ho loantša macrophages, mosebetsi oa bona ke ho monya antigen. Haeba ba ne ba ke ke sebetsana ka katleho le mosebetsi oa hae, ka nako eo amahanya boemo tlang ea tšireletso - maloetseng lisele. Oa pele oa ho ba hlokomela antigen ho T-molai - 'molai oa mahlahana a tsoang linaheng tse ling. Mesebetsi ea lisele T-mothusi ke ho thusa boitshireletso ba mmele. Ba laole karohano le khethollo ea lisele tsohle tsa 'mele. E 'ngoe ea mosebetsi bona - sebopeho sa kamano ea tse peli tse mefuta e sa maloetseng, ke hore, thuso B lymphocytes secrete lisireletsi, Tshebediso ya ya likarolo tse ling (monocytes, lisele tse T-molai, lisele tse palo). T-suppressors tse hlokahalang e le hore ho fokotsa mosebetsi ka tsela e feteletseng ea bathusi haeba ho hlokahala.

Mefuta ea lisele T-mothusi

Ho itšetlehile ka ho sebetsa ha lisele tse T-mothusi li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli: le pele le la bobeli. Tlhahiso pele o etsoang ho tsoa e hlahala necrosis Ntlha e (loantšeng neoplasms), ea gamma interferon (loantšeng mahlahana a bongata ba kokwanahloko), interleukin-2 (ho akarelletsa liphetoho hlabang). All litšobotsi tsena li reretsoe ho ho timetsoa ha antigens hare lisele.

Mofuta oa bobeli oa lisele tsa T-mothusi lokela ho buisana le maloetseng humoral. lisele tse tsena T hlahisa interleukins 4, 5, 10 le ea 13, ho fana ka kamano ena. Ho phaella moo, T mothusi mofuta 2 na le boikarabelo ba ho hlahisa IgE, eo e amana ka ho toba le kulisa ba phelang.

Keketseho e le fokotseha ka T mothusi phelang

Ho na le melao e ikgethang ya lymphocytes 'meleng, thuto ea bona le bitsoa immunogram. kheloha efe kapa efe, ebang e ntlafatsa kapa ho fokotsa ka seleng e nkoa e le e sa tloaelehang, e le hore e, ho ntshetsa pele boemo leha e le efe pathological. Ha T mothusi theolela bolela 'mele ea ho ea tšireletso ke sa khone ho ka botlalo bontšang phello ea oona. Joalo boemong ba ho ea sa hlaheloeng khaello hlokomela ka ho ima le ho diabolololo, ka mor'a ho kula e, tšoaetso foleng. Ho e nkoa e le ponahatso phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ho tšoaetsoa HIV - ka ho feletseng ho qhala ba sireletsehile maloetseng ana le lisele. Ha lisele tsa T-mothusi eketseha, 'meleng ho na le tse fetang-itsoara joang ho antigens, ke hore, taolo ea bona e ntse e feta ho tswa tshebetso ho tloaelehile ho ikutloa ka tsela pathological. Joalo boemo ba motho ba ho etsahala ha kulisoa.

Interconnection ba sireletsehile maloetseng ana lisele le humoral

E le o tsejoa, boitshireletso ba mmele o etsa thepa lona a ho sireletsa ka maemo a mabeli. E mong oa bona o nka khato feela ka sebopeho lisele hore ke kopana le likokoana-hloko kapa rearrangements phatsa ea lefutso e sa tloaelehang butswe ketso ea T-lymphocytes. Bobeli Level - humoral molao oa tsamaiso eo e phethahatsoa ka ho pepesa 'mele kaofela ka tsela immunoglobulins. tsamaiso ea tsena tšireletso ea maemong a mang a ka sebetsa ka thoko ho tswa ho e mong le e tse ling tse, empa hangata ba kopana le e mong le e tse ling. Re maloetseng lisele le humoral e etsoa lisele tse T-mothusi, ke hore, "ho thusa". baahi ena ea T-lisele tse ho hlahisa interleukins itseng, li akarelletsa: IL-4, 5, 10, 13. Ntle ho dibopeho tsena ho ntshetsa pele le tshebetsong ya tshireletso ya humoral etsahala.

Boleng ba lisele tsa T-mothusi ka boitshireletso ba mmele

Ka lebaka la ho lokolloa ha interleukin sesole develops le ho sireletsa rona litšusumetsong tse kotsi. Hlahala necrosis Ntlha e thibela dithulaganyo kankere, e mong oa mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa 'mele. All ena e etsoa ka lisele tse T-mothusi. Ho sa tsotellehe taba ea hore ba etsa lintho ka tsela e sa tobang (ka liseleng tse ling), ka bohlokoa ba tsona ka boitshireletso ba mmele ke ea bohlokoa haholo, ba ntse ba thusa ho mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa thepa e sireletsang ea phelang.