Letsopa - ke eng see? Se fapaneng le letsopa porcelain?

Moloko oa batho ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo o ile a sebelisa bakeng sa tlhahisong ea lipoleiti faience le linoelo. Le lefatšeng la kajeno, letsopa e nkoa e hoo e ka bang bohlokoa haholo. Le hoja mokhoa oa lihlahisoa, tlhahiso thekenoloji bona kamehla ho fetola, empa boitsebiso boo bo o hlola ka ho e sa fetohe. faience ke eng, 'me seo likarolo e - leka ho utloisisa sehlooho sena.

ke faience seo

Faience - ka lintho tse bonahalang ho tswa ho tse entsoeng lijana, hare-hare, likarolo meralo le , joalo-joalo E tšoauoa ka fragility, segokanyipalo le porosity bo botle ... Lebitso la boitsebiso boo le tsoa motse Setaliana ea Faenza, ea neng a tumme ka ho hlahisa dihlahiswa tsa ceramic.

Letsopa e haholo-holo sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea tableware, souvenirs le limpho tse sa tšoaneng ceramic. Figurines tsa mofuta ona fapana porcelain khanya le ho tlala ea mebala e le shebahala maneha haholo. Ha e le tableware, kitchenware ea porcelain hangata e hlahisitse mofuta o le bonolo le le shebahala tloaelehileng. Ho ke phethahetseng bakeng lijo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi le tableware bonolo.

mefuta e sa tsoaneng tsa letsopa

Ho itšetlehile ka ea ho hlophisoa le palo ea litšila na le mefuta e 'maloa ea porcelain:

1. Calcareous letsopa - ntle quartz le tšoeu letsopa e entsoe ka tjhoko le dolomite. Le additives tsena lihlahisoa tse entsoeng bonolo haholo le lebelo.
2. letsopa le bonolo - di a phaella ka ho tloaelehileng ho hlophisoa fapaneng plavni - dintho tseo theha nakong mogote sebetsa fusible komponeng.
3. Feldspar letsopa - ho na le e itseng eo di ea feldspar (liminerale lefika-eaba ba etsa).
4. Thata mage - e ke lintho tse bonahalang ho fetisisa tsoarellang. lihlahisoa tse joalo na le thepa ea phahameng phetha molao feela. Obzhog tiileng letsopa le fetisa ka mocheso phahameng haholo.

Histori ea letsopa

Moloko oa batho o ne a tseba seo faience, e mong 4 sekete. BC. e. Sebopeho sa letsopa pele entse fapaneng hanyenyane ho tloha kajeno. Mesopotamia le Egepeta letsopa lihlooho tse entsoe ka majoe quartz doped le soda kalaka, koporo le manya a tšepe.

Hamorao, letsopa hlaha ka World Khale. O ile a qala Hatisa bitsoa majolica metseng e meng Setaliana. Joale e ntan'o ba porcelain lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo holimo entsoeng Fora, Saint-Porsche.

Russia, faience fumanoeng botumo lilemong tsa bo-XVIII. Moscow, kaofela fektheri bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa ceramic. Delftware hloka har'a baahi ba ka lebelo le ka lebelo le ba ne ba thabela ho tloaeleha seholohali. Products ea limela e fapa-fapaneng e fapane. Kahoo, mong'a ka manufactory Grebenshchikov penta lijana ka enamel koloba. Letsopa Association Kuznetsova fapaneng 'mala glaze barbotage, molumo imolohile kapa kotokaka khatiso. Gzhel fektheri manufactures lihlahisoa haholo-holo ka e putsoa, hammoho le khauta-penta.

Konakovo faience

Great ntshetsopeleng ka tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa porcelain entse MS Kuznetsov, ba reka ka bo-1870 fektheri porcelain ka Konakovo. O hlahiswa haholo letsopa letsoho penta kapa hatisitsoeng dipaterone. Ka mor'a ka bang 20 lilemo tse, Kuznetsov o ile a qala ho hlahisa lijo tsa polufayans, porcelain le letsopa. Ho tloha ka bohareng ba bo-20s. XX lekholong la fektheri qala ho akarelletsa ho baetsi ba litšoantšo ba molemo ka ho fetisisa le benghali ba penta ho bopa dipaterone, ntle ho lijo le pōpo ea bophoofolo liemahale. mesebetsi ea bona ba ne ba le ya tlhokeho, tse ka lehlakoreng le tlatsetsa ho katoloso ea tlhahiso.

Ha nako e ntse, baetsi ba litšoantšo ba ile ba khona ho etsa setaele se itseng e itseng ea lihlahisoa tsa lona: manyolo sebopeho beha dintho porcelain bapala nyakaletse le ho phatsimang penta potechnyh glaze. Konakovo faience romeloa linaheng tse ling ho ea linaheng tse ngata. Ba bang ba lihlahisoa tse ka tsela e sireletsehileng a sireletsa ho matsatsi a rōna.

Semikarakorsk letsopa

Semikarakorsk faience - e hlakileng bonono ketsahalo Don naha. sebakeng Rostov ile ba kopanela ho etsa thepa letsopa ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo. oa fumana tse ngata ba lintho tse epolotsoeng li bontša boteng ba artisanal potteries Semikarakorsk ho tloha mehleng ea pele ho Bokreste.

Bonono setaele Semikarakorsky letsopa makgetheng metako ea pele, buketno-Kukat mekhabiso, litšoantšo tsa tlhaho, motifs histori. Benghali ba ka litšoantšo hae ba ile ba khona ho fetisa botle le matla a sebakeng tsa bona, Don neano, moea oa Cossacks.

Ka lebaka la boemo bo phahameng ba bonono bokgoni Semikarakorsk faience lefatšeng ka bophara ho fumana mesebetsi ea bonono.

Types of letsopa

Kajeno, hoo e ka bang hohle sebediswa letsopa. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha feela theko ea eona e tlase, empa le tsela e bonolo ea ho etsa lihlooho tse joalo. Ka ho fetisisa ka tloaelo hlahiswa letsopa lijana: likotlolo, lipoleiti tsa appetizers le lijana tsa sehlooho, tebileng likotlolo, seledochnitsy, e emela bakeng sa bohobe le pastry, spaghetti, tureens bouillon sopho e entsoeng ka le mepotjoana, linoelo tsa lino-mapholi a chesang, lebese jugs, mabekere, letsoai le tsoekere. Hangata e matsatsing ana mabenkeleng le u ka bona e sa tšoaneng haholo ea likarolo meralo le ho tloha faience, lithaele, matloana. Home thepa bopaki bo joalo hase feela ka tatso e ntle ea mong'a ka, empa hape le ka lichelete tsa lona boiketlo.

Joang dijana

Quartz, refractory: dikarolo tse peli, e 'ngoe e lokela ho ba ho bōpa letsopa tšoeu letsopa. Tshebetso ya ho etsa thepa lihlahisoa ceramic qala ka kalafo ho qetela. Kahoo, e tukang e etsoa ka makhetlo a mangata a letsopa boima ka mocheso oa 1050 ° C, nakong ena, e lokela ho fetola 'mala. Ebe ka mocheso oa tse 950 ° C le sebelisoa ho bonaletsang kapa 'mala glaze. Ka ho ba sethaleng ho qetela ke boela a betsa. Ka lebaka la joalo pepesehela faience boima ntse porous le a loketse bakeng sa merero mabenyane. Haeba letsopa e lelekoa ka mocheso tlaase, ho tla ba molemo ho 'ne le matla haholo underglaze pente.

Kahoo, lintho tse bonahalang tse o tsoela ka mehato ngata sebetsa, le hoja ho loketse faience. Photo lipoleiti difeme thulaganyou e bontša e ratoa ea tshebetso ena.

faience bohloeki

Lilemong tsa morao tjena ho feta le ho feta ratoa letsopa bohloeki. tlhahiso ea lona ho etsahala ka thekenoloji e fapaneng ho feta tlhahisong ea lijo kapa figurines. Ho bopa phahameng matla lintho tse bonahalang a tlotsitsoeng ka lihlahisoa khethehileng barbotage. Le loketseng le hloko tshebetso letsopa lipompo khona ho sebeletsa nako e lekaneng tabeng ena ho tla batla ho tšoana le ka nako ya ho reka.

Kamoo ho khetholla le letsopa tsoang Chaena

Ba bangata ha ba tsebe phapang pakeng tsa porcelain tloha letsopa, 'me ba atisa ho ferekanya, empa pakeng tsa bona ho na le phapang. lihlahisoa Ceramic ba tšoauoa ka tsela e itseng e tlase ya bosoeu, e khōlō leboteng botenya le matla a tlaase. dintho qetile di khetholloa ka dibopeho tsena boreleli. Dijana, bapisoa le porcelain sitoa ho boloka mocheso o ka nako e telele. Ho phaella moo, lihlahisoa tse joalo ke ke mamella mocheso ho phahameng. Ha lijana hlatsoa ka metsi a chesang, e ka peperana. Ka lebaka leo, maemong a mangata ho ke ke ho le molemo ho sebelisa tableware entsoe ka porcelain.

Ho utloisisa hantle phapang pakeng tsa porcelain tloha letsopa, o ka etsa papiso ea lihlahisoa ho tloha thepa tsena. Phapang pele bohlokoa - taba ea sonority. E lokela ho ba ho le bonolo ho kokota ka bohale ba poleiti le. Porcelain ntša e telele le e ikhethang o khabole. Ka nako e tšoanang le tšepe faience thud.

Hape, hoa khoneha ho bona hore faience le litšobotsi kantle. Lisebelisoa entsoe ka letsopa ha fetisetsa khanya. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore lihlahisoa li lelekoa ka mocheso batlang e le tlaase. Phapang hlokomelehang ke le boreleli tlase holim 'a lijana. Ka linako tse ling u bona dimples nyenyane, tse thehoa ka nako ya a betsa. Bakeng sa papiso, ea botlaaseng ba China ke kamehla kaba.

Lipane tsa dijana ho moruong ho feta ho tšoara 'me a hlokomela boemo ba hae. Haeba mapetso a sebelisa lihlahisoa tse joalo e sa rateheng, ho tloha libaktheria phunyeletse ka pores tsa letsopa 'me e ka khopisang ntshetsopele ya mafu a sa tšoaneng.

Tsela ea ho hlokomela faience

Joalokaha eka ke ka lijana efe kapa efe, letsopa lihlahisoa hlokang tlhokomelo e itseng. Ho nahana ka kaofela ha thepa ea boitsebiso boo, ke habohlokoa haholo hore ba khomarele melao ea sebetsa, ho lelefatsa bophelo ba tšebeletso ea faience.

Puso bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa - ho hlatsoa lintho tsa porcelain feela metsi a futhumetseng le ho rinse ka a batang. Tabeng ea metsi a chesang ka lijana li thehoa mapetsong tse nyenyane le tse robehileng sebopeho tse bonahalang.

Detergents, haholo-holo powders, ho molemo a se ke a sebelisa. Ho fokotsa boima fifala dijana ka sebelisoa ka tharollo ea ho baka soda le ho e kapa letsoai le asene ka karo-karolelano ea 1: 1. Haholo-holo ba lokela ho ka hloko hlokomela la lihlooho le khauta. 'nete ea hore litšoantšo, tse khabisitsoeng ka faience, benyang. Ka lebaka leo, ka mor'a pheta hlatsoa dula senyeha. Ha e le gilding - e sebelisoa holim'a glaze le butle-butle hlakoloa tloha sebelisoa kamehla. Ka lebaka leo, sebaka khabisitsoeng ka pente khauta, u ke ke ua itlotsa ka matla, ho ke ke molemo ho sebelisa lesela le bonolo kapa seponche. Tlosa litsila tse teng ho tloha dihlahiswa letsopa ka ka lesela e kolobisitsoeng ka e nyenyane ea ammonia.

Ho sa tsotellehe melemo ea ho ea porcelain, batho ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho reka letsopa. Ena di hlohleletsago baetsi ceramic hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ncha bakeng sa tse fapa-fapaneng tsa merero ea hae.