Ke matla a Gibbs seo

Ho itlelang feela a thulaganyo bulehileng le koetsoeng oona tsamaisong mofuta o hlalosoa ka ho ya ka ka litekanyetso itseng, e tsejoang e le matla Gibbs. Ke mosebetsi wa mmuso. Du Gibbs, ho sebetsa le tsamaiso ea thermodynamic, ba khona ho e tlisa e ka tlhokeho ea melao le enthalpy. Gibbs matla, ka ho khetheha, etsa hore ho be bonolo hore motho a bolele tataiso ea phallo ea dithulaganyo itlelang feela likokoana-hloko le ho hlahloba bokgoni bona theoretically ka finyelloang.

Ha re sebelisa Gibbs liqeto bobeli thermodynamic molao, paakanyong tla latelang: ea kamehla (const) khatello le mocheso ntle le tsamaiso e khopo Link kgahlamelo ya maqhubu a ka tšehetsa ho itlelang feela phallo feela ho dithulaganyo joalo, ka lebaka la tseo ke ho fokotsa Gibbs eneji, le boemo ba ho boleng hore ho etsahala ha e fihla tsitsitseng lona bonyane. Equilibrium oona tsamaisong efe kapa efe thermodynamic bolela invariability ea matla a itse (bonyane). Ka hona Gibbs eneji, le ke 'nang (mahala enthalpy) ka tsamaiso ea isobaric-isothermal. A re ke re hlalosa ke hobane'ng ha ho e boletsweng bonyane. 'Nete ea hore ena ke e' ngoe ea tenets bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa thermodynamics equilibrium: fanoeng boemo ka mocheso le ho hatelloa ke bosafetogeng bolela hore bakeng sa phetoho e tlang ho hlokahala hore ho eketsa boemo ba matla, 'me sena se ka etsahala feela ha u fetola lintlha leha e le efe ka ntle.

Lengolo kgetho - G. numerically lekanang le phapang pakeng tsa enthalpy tsebahalang le boleng ba le mocheso sehlahisoa ka tlhokeho ea melao ea. E matla Gibbs ka buang ka moralo tse latelang:

G = H - (S * sa t),

moo S - tlhokeho ea melao ea tsamaiso; sa t - thermodynamic mocheso; H - enthalpy. The tlhokeho ea melao ea tsamaiso ka moralo ka holimo e ne e akarelletsa hore ho nahana ka 'nete ea hore e phahameng mocheso fokotsa laolehileng oona tsamaisong boemo (ho hloka taolo) le tlaase - ho fapana le hoo.

Kaha ka bobeli Gibbs matla enthalpy, 'me - ba bang ba mesebetsi ea tsamaiso ka thermodynamics, ka ho fetola ho G kapa H ka tšoauoa ka ea lik'hemik'hale phetoho etsahalang. Ha fanoeng itsoara joang ka abel le Gibbs phetoho matla, ka nako eo ho ke ho sehlopha sa ba thermochemical.

Mabapi le eneji, le hona ka 'na ba rerileng Rule Hess ha khatello le mocheso kamehla, ho ne ho bōptjoa lintho tse bukeng ea lekgetlo la ntlha (reagent mantlha) e isa' nete ea hore matla tsamaisong ea e fetohile ea, ponahalo etsahala liphetoho le palo ea bona ka lebaka la ho na le phello.

Kaha matla a ho buuoang ka sehlooho se reng, ke palo polygonal, khopolo ea "molao-motheo Gibbs eneji ee" e ile hlahiswa ho phetha balelela. boleng Sena ke le teng ka leha e le efe e thathamisang boitsebiso lik'hemik'hale, numerically lekanang 298 KJ / Mol (hlokomela hore teba ho tšoana le ho tse ling tse leha e le efe ya eneji, molare). boleng ena lumella u ho bala chenche ka hoo e batlang e thulaganyou e lik'hemik'hale efe kapa efe.

Haeba nakong ea tsela ea k'hemik'hale e itšoara joang, taba e etsahetseng Link (mosebetsi oa e etsa) fellang ka tsamaiso ea, joale Gibbs mahala eneji, le boleng ba eketseha. itšoare joalo li bitsoa endergonic. Ka lebaka leo, ha tsamaiso ea ka boeona ha mosebetsi, expending matla, re bua ka liponahatso ekzergonicheskih.

Khopolo ea matla Gibbs o fumane kopo lohle ka k'hemistri ea kajeno. Mohlala, polymer tswakana o thehiloe phaella moo itšoara joang. Ka mekgwatshebetso ya ho joalo ba bang ba likaroloana tse ikopantseng ho o mong, boleng tlhokeho ea melao decreases. Thehiloeng moralo Gibbs, e ka pheha khang ea hore le tšusumetso Link (mohlala, phahameng mocheso) a ka lefa joalo exothermic phaella moo itšoara joang, e leng se tiisoa ka mokhoa ona.