Ke eng phenotype? Kgopolo, e sebelisana makgetheng mantlha le genotype

Lentsoe "phenotype" e tsoa ho Bagerike le fetolela (ho toba) "fumana", "Ke 'na." ke taba ea bohlokoa o sebetsang oa khopolo ena ke efe?

ke eng phenotype? tlhaloso

Tlas'a phenotype rarahaneng lokela ho utloisisoa litšobotsi tse tse sa tlholeho ho motho ka sethaleng ho khetheha ea ho hōla. sete ena e thehoa ka lebaka la genotype. Bakeng sa lintho tse phelang diploid phase tšoauoa ka pontšo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka sehloohong. Ho fumana hore na hantle seo phenotype lokela ho bua ka ha e kopana le makgetha a ho hare le kantle tsa 'mele, tse neng li fumana ka tshebetso ya ho ntshetsopeleng motho (ontogeny).

Overview

Ho sa tsotellehe ho hloka leeme nepahetseng tlhaloso ea seo e phenotype Khopolo lona o sebelisa maemo a sa tsitsang. Boholo ba mehaho e le limolek'hule tse khouthollotsweng ke lintho tse bonahalang tse liphatseng tsa lefutso ha le a fumanwa ka ponahalo ea 'mele. Ka nako e tšoanang ke karolo ea phenotype ena. mohlala e ne e tla ba phenotype ea mali a batho. Tabeng ena, ho latela ba bang ba bangodi, tlhaloso e lokela ho kenyeletsa le litšobotsi tse ba hore ka fumanoa le ho sebelisoa ha ho hlahloba lefu, bongaka le botekgeniki mekgwa ya tshebetso. A khōlō ho feta ka ba le katoloso e fumanweng boitšoaro ba, 'me haeba ho hlokahala, e ama tikoloho ea phelang,' me tse phelang tse ling. Ho joalo, ho etsa mohlala, cutters le letamo le le li-beaver ka nkoa bakeng sa phenotype bona.

Features senotlolo

Lekanngwang hore phenotype, re ka bua ka ho "ka potlako" oa boitsebiso bo liphatseng tsa lefutso ho kopana le mabaka a tikoloho. Ha o wa katamelo pele lokela ho hopola litšobotsi tse peli:

1. Dimensionality tsa phenotype. pontšo ena e bontša palo ea celow podrozy, "tlosa", e hlalosang palo ea lintlha tikoloho.
2. Pontšo ea bobeli e bontša ho nahanela phenotype ho tikoloho. Lebitso la lengolo la sena - mefuta e fapaneng.

Hammoho, litšobotsi tse ana a fana ka maikutlo esita le boleng le mefuta e fapaneng ya phenotypes. The multidimensional sete ya litšobotsi tse motho, likarolo e mamelang ka tsela, le pejana ba tloha genotype ho, kahoo, ho ke ruileng. Ka mohlala, ha ho bapisoa ho phenotype ea libaktheria, roundworm, Frog, motho, "leruo" ka eketseha ketane. Sena se bolela hore phenotype batho ruileng.

lesedi tsa histori

Ka 1909, Vilgelm Iogansen (Sedanishe rasaense) ka lekhetlo la pele - ka kopanelo le khopolo ea genotype - phenotype sisintsweng tlhaloso. Sena se ile sa ho khetholla pakeng tsa lefutso tsa sephetho sa ho kenya tshebetsong lona. Khopolo ea ho se tšoane le e ka amahanngoa ka mesebetsi ea Mendel, le Weismann. Ea bobeli e fapane hōle le lisele somatic le ho ikatisa ka phelang multicellular. La sephetho le beha ba chromosomes botsoali tse motheo seleng. Chromosomes tsoele liphatsa tsa lefutso tse rarahaneng bath bakeng sa mefuta e itseng ka kakaretso le ka ho khetheha ho tloha e phelang. Liphatsa tsa lefutso e fana ka boitsebiso bo mabapi le liprotheine tse ka tsa maiketsetso, 'me le mekgwa e hlileng e hlalosa le ho laola tswakana ena. Ho thoe'ng haeba sena se etsahala? Ha ontogeny activating liphatsa tsa lefutso le liprotheine tseo tsa maiketsetso hore ba khouthollotsweng. Phello ke sebopeho le ntshetsopele ya dipharologantsho ohle le litšobotsi tsa ho phelang, molao phenotype lona. Ka mantsoe a mang, re fumana "sehlahisoa" tsa ho kenya tshebetsong lenaneo le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fumanoang genotype ena.

Tšusumetso ea maemo Link ka litšobotsi tse kgolo ya motho ka mong

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore genotype hase Ntlha e ikhethang ea etsang qeto ea phenotype. Ka sa tšoaneng likhato tsa sebopeho aggregate litšobotsi motho o tla itšetleha ka tikoloho moamoheli, ke hore ho tloha lintlha kantle. Ka maemo a fapaneng phenotypes ba sharply hanyetsa. Ka mohlala, mefuta e meng ea lirurubele "arashniya" selemo le selemo e hlahisa bana ba babeli. Tseo batho ka bomong, ba tsoa pupae overwintered (selemo), ke e fapaneng haholo le tseo e ileng ea hlaha ka lehlabula. Ho ka boetse ha aa fapana, le phenotype ya semela. Ka mohlala, ka tse bulehileng sebaka lifate e bushy phaene, 'me ka morung - telele le mosesaane. Ka buttercup metsi sebopeho lekhasi itšetlehile ka moo ho lulang - moeeng kapa ka metsing.

Kamano ea phenotypes le genotypes

Bokhoni ba ho fetola, eo e fanoe ke lenaneo liphatsa tsa lefutso, ba bitselitsoeng tekanyo ea itšoara joang. E le busa, le ho feta ho fapane le maemo a eo ho eona ho lule pono, e kgolo ee bophara ntho e tloaelehileng. Tabeng ea moo tikoloho e fapane haholo le eo ho leng mofuta ikamahanya le maemo ba tlōlo le hlaha ka ho ntshetsa pele tsa lintho tse phelang, 'me ba e-shoa. Lipontšo tsa phenotype a hase kamehla a bonahatsa alleles recessive. Empa ba ile ba ba pholohe 'me ba ka susumelletsa ho bana ba ka. ya data tsena ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho utloisisa hantle hore na ho iphetola ha lintho. Ka tlhopho tsa tlhaho ho akarelletsa feela phenotypes bana hape a tšoaetsanoang le ho di genotypes eketsehileng baahi. sebelisana le ha e felle feela ka kamano ea alleles recessive le oona 'muso o - liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ngata kopana le mong le e tse ling.