India: cinema maobane, kajeno, hosasane. Lifilimi tsa khale tsa khale tsa India

Moeta-pele oa lefats'e oa tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea lifilimi tse sa tšoaneng ke India. Li-cinema naheng ena ke khoebo ea lefatše ka bophara e susumelitseng indasteri ea lifilimi tsa Sechaena le Hollywood ka palo ea lithapi tsa litokomane le tsa bonono tse hlahisoang. Lifilimi tsa Maindia li bontšoa lipapaling tsa linaha tse mashome a robong tsa lefats'e. Sehloohong sena re tla bua ka tse ikhethang tsa li-cinema tsa Indian.

Sebopeho sa lipuo tse ngata

Indasteri ea lifilimi tsa Maindia e na le batho ba lipuo tse ngata. 'Nete ke hore ho na le lipuo tse peli tsa molao naheng ena: Sehindi le Senyesemane. Ho phaella moo, hoo e batlang e le mmuso o mong le o mong India o na le puo ea oona, e amohelehang ka molao. Lifilimi li etsoa libakeng tse ngata tsa naha (Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Kerala, Karnataka, Jammu le Kashmir, Haryana, Assam, Anhra Pradesh, Gujarat). Hape ha ho makatse hore ebe cinema ea Indian e arotsoe ka lipuo. Ka har'a lipapali, litšoantšo li nkiloe ka puo ea Setugu, Kollywood - ka puo ea Tomil. Ka Hindi, Bollywood e tummeng e lokolla lithane. India selemo le selemo e qala ho hira lifilimi tse fetang 1 000 ka lipuo tse sa tšoaneng.

Mefuta ea li-cinema tsa Indian

Ka cinema ea Indian, ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo.

• "Masala" ke filimi ea khoebo e etselitsoeng bamameli ba bangata ba shebeletse. Lifilimi tsa mofuta ona li khetholloa ke motsoako oa mefuta e 'maloa: melodrama, papali, lipapali, liketso. Boholo ba litšoantšo tsena - lipina tse mebala-bala, li thunngoa ka holimo ho libaka tse ntlehali tsa India. Lenaneo la likampi tse joalo li ka 'na tsa bonahala li le makhabane ebile li sa ts'oanehe. Lebitso la lona le ile la fuoa mofuta oo ka tlhompho ea motsoako oa Maindia oa libano - masala.

• "Parallel" cinema ke ntlo ea matsoho ea Maindia. Lintho tsa litšoantšo tse joalo li tebile ebile li na le tlhaho. Ka tsela ena Bengalese cinema e lebisa pele, batsamaisi ba etellang pele - Satyajit Rai, Ritvik Ghatak le Mrinal Sen - ba tšoaneloa ke ho tsebahala lefatšeng ka bophara.

Emergence of Indian Cinematography

Sefilimi sa Indian se hlahile ka 1899, ha photographer Kh S. S. Bhatwadakar, kapa Sawa-Dada, a etsa lifilimi tse 'maloa tse khutšoanyane. Setšoantšo sa pele se khutsitseng sa khale se bitsoang "Raja Harishchandra" se ile sa lokolloa ka 1913. Moetsi oa eona e ne e le Dadasaheb Falke, eo ka nako e le 'ngoe e neng e le motsamaisi, mohlahisi, moetsi oa litšoantšo, mohlophisi, cameraman le mohoeletsi oa pōpo ea hae. Ka 1910, lifilimi tse 25 li ile tsa etsoa India, 'me ka 1930 - lifilimi tse 200. Ka 1931, ka la 14 March, ho ile ha lokolloa filimi ea pele ea India ea "Light of the World". E ne e le katleho e kholo. Selemong sona seo, lifilimi tse ling tse 27 li ile tsa hlaha naheng ena (tse 22 tsa tsona ka Sehindi), tse ileng tsa lebisa ho karolo ea batho ba sa tsebeng ho bala le ho ngola ba India. Ka 1933, filimi ea pele ea Brithani-Indian "Fate" e ile ea etsoa. Ho tsoa ha hae e ne e le ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bophelong ba mekhoa ea India - setšoantšong e ne e le boemo ba ho kopa batho ba ka sehloohong. Hoa thahasellisa hore, ka mor'a hore naha e fumane boipuso, ka 1952, molao o neng o etsoa ka cinema o ne o thibetsoe ho thibela li-kisses skrineng e le "lefeela." Filimi ea pele ea Maindia e mebala e ile ea lokolloa ka 1937. E ne e bitsoa "Morali oa Bafutsana" mme ha ea ka ea e-ba le katleho e kholo lebokoseng la lebokose. Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Lefatše e ile ea otla cinema ea Maindia: ho thibela lipolotiki ho ile ha e-ba matla haholo, ho ne ho e-na le khaello ea filimi. Empa Maindia a ile a tsoela pele ho etela liholo tsa li-cinema. Filimi "Letlotlo" e ile ea e-ba ka ofising ea lebokose libeke tse 192 'me ea e-ba le ofisi e ntle ea lebokose.

Golden Age ea Indian Cinematography

Mehla ea khauta e bitsoa lipalesa tsa cinema, e neng e ngotsoe lilemong tsa bo-1940-1960 ke India. Lifilimi, tse hlahileng nakong ena, li ile tsa fetoha tsa khale tsa mofuta oo. Filimi e reng "'Mè India" (1957), e tsamaisoang ke Mehboob Khan, e ile ea fuoa likhau tse ngata meketeng ea lifilimi tsa kantle ho naha' me ea khethoa bakeng sa Oscar e le setšoantšo se setle ka puo e 'ngoe. Baokameli ba tummeng ka ho fetisisa nakong eo e ne e le: Kamal Amrohi, Vijay Bhatt, Bimal Roy, K. Asif, Mehboob Khan. Melapa "Lipalesa tsa Lipalesa" le "Thirst", tse thunngoeng ke Guru Dutt, li ne li kenyelitsoe lenaneng la "Lifilimi tse 100 tse Molemo ka ho Fetisisa tsa Nako eohle" ho ea ka phetolelo ea lingoliloeng tse tsebahalang tsa Bophirimela. Bacha ba etsang libapali le li-actress, baratuoa bohle ba India, ba ne ba le: Guru Dutt, Raj Kapoor, Dilip Kumar, Dev Anand, Mala Sinha, Vahida Rehman, Madhubala, Nutan, Mina Kumari, Nargis.

Raj Kapoor ke eena ea ratang sechaba

Raj Kapoor ha a tsejoe feela e le motšoantšisi ea babatsehang, empa hape ke moetsi oa lifilimi ea ikhethang ea ileng a etsa lifilimi tse ntle tsa Maindia. Litšoantšo tsa hae li ne li atlehile khoebong. Litlhōrō tsa "Tramp" (1951) le "Monghali 420" (1955) li bua ka bophelo ba basebetsi ba tloaelehileng ba metseng ea India. The secret of Raji Kapoor's success is simple. Li bontša bophelo le bophelo ba likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa baahi kamoo ba leng kateng. Tabeng ena, li-comedies li thunngoa ka mofuta ona li khahloa ke tšepo ea tsona le ho thaba. Mantsoe a tsoang pina e reng "Monghali 420" a khetholla setšoantšo se ka sehloohong sa setšoantšo: "Ke apere li-socks tsa Amerika, liaparo tse ntle tsa Brithani, ka leqheka le leholo la Russia, le ka moea oa Maindia." Ha ho makatse hore bamameli ba ne ba sitoa ho itokolla ho libaesekopo. Raj Kapoor o ile a phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lifiliming tsa hae 'me a rata botumo bo boholo malapeng le linaheng tse ling. O ile a fuoa mabitso a mangata a thoriso. O ne a bitsoa "ntate oa cinema ea Maindia," "khosana ea mahlo a Bochabela" le "Indian Charlie Chaplin." Li-cinema tsa khale tsa Maindia le Raj Kapur li ntse li hlahisa maikutlo a sa lebaleheng ho bamameli.

"Movie" e tšoanang

Ho fapana le indasteri ea lifilimi tsa khoebo, "lipapali" tsa cinema li hlahile India. Karolo ea bohlokoa ho sena e ile ea bapala Bengal cinema. Libaka tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa li-Indian tsa mofuta ona li nkoa ke Chetan Anand ("Motse o Phuleng"), Ritvik Gatak (Nagarik) le Bimal Roy ("Big Big tsa Lefatše"). Batsamaisi bana ba ile ba rala motheo oa ts'ebetso ea boipheliso India. Ka mor'a moo, Satyajit Rai o ile a theha "Trilogy ka Apu" (1955-1959), e neng e susumelletse filimi eohle ea lefatše. Karolo ea hae ea pele, "Song of the Road" (1955), e ile ea e-ba moputso oa ho hapa mekete e mengata ea machaba ea lifilimi. Ka lebaka la katleho ea trilogy, "lipapali" li-cinema li ikemiselitse ka thata ka har'a li-cinema tsa India. Baokameli ba bang naheng ena (Buddhadev Dasgupta, Mani Kol, Adur Gopalakrishnan, Mrinal Sen) ba ile ba qala ho thunya lifilimi tsa mahae. Satyajit Rai nakong ea bophelo ba hae bo amohelehang lefatšeng le meputso e mengata ea liketsahalo. Karolo ea bobeli ea The Trilogy of Apu, e lokollotsoeng ka 1956, filimi The Unconquered, e hlōtse Golden Lion moketeng oa Film oa Venice le Golden Bear le li-Silver Bears tse peli Berlin. Baetsi ba lifilimi ba India Guru Dutt, Ritvik Ghatak le Satyajit Rai ba tsejoa e le litsebi tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa li-cinema tsa libuka tsa lekholong la bo20 la lilemo.

Pherekano ea lerato

Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1970 tsa lekholong la ho qetela la lilemo, lifilimi tsa lerato tse neng li e-na le lihlopha tsa bahlabani li ile tsa fetoha feshene. Litšoantšo tsena li ngotsoe, haholo-holo Bollywood. Mohlankana ea ka sehloohong oa lifilimi tsena e ne e le "mohlankana ea halefileng" (setšoantšo se entsoeng ke sebapali sa Amitabh Bachchan), ea ikemetseng a loantša bobe le ho hlōla lintoeng tsohle tsa likenke. Lifilimi, tse khahliloeng haholo ka lipina le metjeko, e nang le karolo e khanyang ea lerato le likarolo tsa martial arts tse hlōtseng eseng feela India, empa hape le linaha tse ling tsa lefats'e. Lifilimi tsa Maindia Zita le Gita, Raja e ratoang, Monghali India, Disco Dancer, Dance, Dance le tse ling li ntse li nateloa ke balate ba mofuta oo. Batho ba tummeng ka ho fetisisa ka nako eo ke Shashi Kapur, Sanjeev Kumar, Dharmendra, Rajesh Khanna, Mumtaz le Asha Parekh, Sharmila Tagore, hammoho le Hema Malini, Jaya Bhaduri, Anil Kapoor le Medhun Chakroborti.

Litšoantšo tsa mehleng ea kajeno

New cinema ea cinema e amohetse tlhokomelo ea lefatše ka bophara. Lifilimi tsa Maindia tsa khoebo li ntse li tsoela pele ho ba le boemo bo holimo Ka 1975, sets'oants'o sa Ramesh Sippi "Ho iphetetsa le Molao" se hlahile litšoantšong. Bahlahlobisisi ba motho ka bomong ba mo nka e le se molemo ka ho fetisisa lefapheng la lifilimi tsa India. Filimi e reng "The Wall" (1975) Yasha Chopra e boetse e fumane litlhaloso tsa mahlaseli a tsoang ho baetsi ba lifilimi lefatšeng ka bophara. Ka 1980, o ile a fuoa Moputso oa Golden Camera Moketeng oa Film oa Cannes, Salaam Bombay, Nair Myra. Filimi ena e boetse e amohetse khetho ea Oscar. Lilemong tsa bo-1980 le lilemong tsa bo-1990, litšoantšo li ile tsa bōptjoa: "Sentence" (1988), "Burning Passion" (1988), "Tsohle Bophelong bo Etsahala" (1998), "The Game with Death" (1993), "The Unsuspicious Bride" (1995) ). Ka lihlopha tse ngata, baetsi ba litsebi tsa Maindia ba ne ba kenyelletsoa: Salman Khan, Aamir Khan le Shah Rukh Khan.

E 'ngoe ea linaha tse ka sehloohong tse hlahisang lifilimi ka mofuta oa "parallel" cinema e ntse e le India. Filimi e reng "Ho kheloha" (1998), e entsoeng ke moetsi oa litšoantšo Anurag Kashyap le mookameli oa Rama Gopal Varma, e bile katleho e kholo 'me e rala motheo oa mofuta o mocha oa cinema ea Indian - "Mumbai-noir." Lefapha la linokoane la Mumbai le bontšoa litšoantšong tse reng "Ho tantša" (2001), "Payback for All" (2002), "Bophelo ka letšoao la sephethephethe" (2007) joalo-joalo.

Likarolo tsa cinema ea khoebo

Lifilimi tse ngata li hlahisoa selemo le selemo ke India. Filimi naheng ena e ntse e tsoela pele ho ntshetsa pele. Hangata litšoantšong tsa lifilimi li hlahisa li-tapi tsa maiketsetso tsa Indian, tse nang le pale e tsotehang e tsotehang, lipapali tse tsotehang le mokhoa oa pele oa pōpo liemong tsohle tsa penta. Leha ho le joalo, lifilimi tse ngata li tlosoa template. Litlaleho tse sa tsejoeng hantle, likoti tse fokolang joalo-joalo. Tlhokomelo e khethehileng lihlopha tse joalo li fuoa motsoako oa 'mino. Litšoantšo tsa lifilimi tsa ho futhumatsa thahasello ea sechaba li lokolloa nako e telele pele filimi e lokolloa.

Karolo e kholo ea bamameli India ke mafutsana, hangata lifilimi tsa khoebo li bua pale ea monna ea khonang ho ema a le mong letsatsing. Tlhokomelo e kholo litapeng tsa mofuta ona li fuoa mebala e khanyang, liaparo tse ntle, 'mino. Sena se thusa sechaba ka nako ho lebala ka mathata a bona a letsatsi le letsatsi. Hangata litšoantšiso tsa cinema tsa khoebo ke mekhoa e metle ka ho fetisisa ea Maindia: Aishwarya Rai, Priyanka Chopra, Lara Datta.