Eo ho eona naheng ke TNCs kholo ka ho fetisisa?

Trade simolohile mehleng ea khale. Le tsoelo-pele ea moloko oa batho e hoo e ka bang ha ho letho le fetohileng, ka ntle, ka ho hlakileng, ba thepa le ditshebeletso maraka. Haeba tlhahiso ea pele ho moo e ne e thehiloe tšimo e itseng, joale reka naha linaheng tse ling bakeng sa ho haha lifektheri bona - haholo e sa tloaelehang ea tloaelehileng. Sena se amehang tabeng ea (le motho ea mafolofolo haholo), e seng feela dinaheng European, empa e boetse e le Federation Serussia. Ha e le hantle, hoo e ka naha eo TNCs kholo ka ho fetisisa, e tla tšohloa.

Ke seo merabe e fapaneng ba mokhatlo?

Teoman bana qalong ke khampani le liofisi tsa tlhahiso ea linaheng tse 'maloa. Karolo e phethoang ke mekhatlo e joalo ka tshebetso globalization, ya e le hantle, haholo. TNCs ka sebeletsa ke ke feela e le khampani e fana ka tlhahiso, empa hape e le ea puisano, inshorense le ho boloka libuka. Ho phaella moo, mona kenyeletsa dibanka merabe e fapaneng le chelete penshene.

tekanyetsokabo, e na le ba bang ba TNCs kholo ka ho fetisisa, ke moholo hoo feta boemo lichelete tsa linaha tse ling. Ka mohlala, ka letlooa sa selemo le selemo phaello ea General Electric Corporation e hanyenyane ho feta $ limilione tse likete tse 13, e leng hoo e ka bang makhetlo a 34 ho feta ea moralo oa tšebeliso ea selemo le selemo oa Andorra nang le baahi ba batho ba 85,4 likete, kapa hanyenyane ka tlase ho e gdP tsa Iceland tsa 2015. Hape, mekhatlo e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa litabeng tsa saense, kabelo ea TNCs ikarabella ka bang 80% ea ho etsa lipatlisiso le ntshetsopele mesebetsi ea lichelete phepelo le ka palo e tšoanang ea dipatenteng ngolisitsoeng.

Multinationals: hobaneng internationalism?

Ho hlaha ha mekhatlo ditshaba-tshaba le sebaka sa pele, e hahiloeng ka monyetla oa ho fumana phaello. Sena se hlalosa ho bōptjoa ha tlhahiso ea machaba. Ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha dimela liindasteri naheng ea naheng e 'ngoe, u ka boloka e ngata:

• ka boleng ba lirafshoa (haeba ee naheng eo owns ea merabe e fapaneng ba mokhatlo e sa secured mosa ka ho lekaneng e itseng ea lihlahisoa tse tala, kaho ka tlaasana ka rarollang bothata bona tšimong e 'ngoe e);
• sebakeng lekhetho (ka lebaka la ho se tšoane ka dipehelo ya moruo linako tse ling theko e tlaase tlhahiso ea pele, e le hore ba ne ba "sa lapeng");
• ka moputso oa basebetsi '(haeba, ka mohlala, Majeremane le Maamerika a ananela mosebetsi oa bona ke haholo e phahameng, e leng matsoalloa a tšoanang oa Mexico lumellana ho sebetsa bakeng sa tjhelete e fokolang).

Mabaka a ho mekhatlo ea machaba ata. Ho ka melao-motheo ena tšoara TNCs kholo ka ho fetisisa.

Mefuta ba mekhatlo e ditshaba-tshaba

Ho na le mefuta e meraro ea TNCs: International, merabe e fapaneng le lefatše khampani.

Mofuta oa pele ke le mokhatlo hore baka makala a sona linaheng tse ling, empa likarolo tsena mehaho di arohane. Ke hore, ba na le tlhahiso ea bona le ho etsa lipatlisiso le tsoelo-pele. Leha ho le joalo, e ntho ea bohlokoa ho ka ho feletseng ke khampani motsoali oa sebedisa.

The mofuta bobeli o sebeletsa e le sehokelo har'a lik'hamphani naha lefatšeng ka bophara. Ha e le hantle, maikutlo a ena haholo-holo se hlalosa hore na TNCs. E mong le e khampani hara MNC, e ikemetseng ho phetha tshebetso efe kapa efe.

The mofuta boraro e hlahisoa e le tšobotsi e hlaheletseng ea ho TNCs kholo ka ho fetisisa. Ba lelekisa mothofatso ena, le mokhatlo kapa e fana ka moralo patented bakeng sa tlhahiso, hammoho le linaheng tse ling, kapa likarolo tse hlahisang ya sehlahiswa, 'me phutheho e se kopanela limela tse ling. Ho tloha ha ho e 80, mefuta ena e atleha. The TNCs kholo ka ho fetisisa ntse latela taelo fanoeng.

Teoman bana mochine taolo

Ka sehloohong ya taolo khompani ke farologang mekhoa e 'meli mothofatso: ho bogareng le mesebetsi.

Kgetho ya pele ke takatso ea TNCs ho bōptjoa ha setsi sa e le 'ngoe. E lokela ho ba ka naheng oa Corporation. Ba bang lefapha tsamaisa mesebetsi ea bona feela le tumello ya khampani motsoali.

Khetho bobeli lumella u ho etsa liqeto. litsi tsa tsamaiso thehilwe mong le lekala. Ka tiasa yona, ka busa, ka ho lekaneng ikemetseng tsa makala tse ling tsa mokhatlo o le.

Mehloli e atlehang mesebetsi ba mekhatlo e ditshaba-tshaba

Bapisang litšobotsi tse sa TNCs kholo ka ho fetisisa, melemo o sebetsang oa e hanyetsoa, o re ho latelang: ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tse tala tse tsoang linaheng tse ling, hammoho le bokhoni lona lichelete, lumella u ho atolosa, ho hapa kapa boloke 'maraka. Ho phaella moo, mosebetsi e atlehang e loketseng ho planar ya bareki tsoang linaheng tse ling. Tlhokomeliso ea khanna liteko ho etsa lipatlisiso, 'me liphello tsa bona tse ntle haholo bakeng sa ho ntshetsa pele ba mekhatlo e ditshaba-tshaba.

Ho phaella tabeng ea melao-motheo ea tsena tsa litšobotsi tse bapisang tsa TNCs kholo ka ho fetisisa ho e hlakisa hore mesebetsi ea linaheng tse 'maloa ka nako e tšoanang ho thusa ho ntlafatsa tlhodisano ka le ho ntlafatsa likamano le linaha tse ling tse molekane.

Lipalo-palo li ka thepa linaheng tse ling

The libakeng tse ka sehloohong tsa mosebetsi oa khompani jwale - ho elektronike, likoloi, tsa meepo le ho e lokisa ya oli. The TNCs kholo ka ho fetisisa hangata e investing thepa bao e seng konokono ka sepheo sa ho botsitso ba marakeng oa lefatše. Le sebaka sa pele ya ka dipehelo tsa thepa linaheng tse ling hulwa tse latelang mekhatlo:

• "General Electric". Naha - United States, le mofuta oa mosebetsi - elektronike. Palo ea matlotlo osele ke 30%.
• "Royal Dutch Shell". Naheng - Netherlands - United Kingdom, Mosebetsi - indastering ea oli. Kabelo ea thepa linaheng tse ling - 66%.
• "Ford." Naha - United States, le mofuta oa mosebetsi - Automotive. Kabelo ea thepa linaheng tse ling - 30%.

Ho phaella ho lik'hamphani tsena tse boletsoeng ka ho sa ntse ho le e ngata ea teoman bana, ho sebelisa mokhoa oa ho ntshetsopeleng ya ho fihlella itsetsepele.

lethathamo la mekhatlo

E pontshi bohlokoa oa ho atleha le k'hamphani eo 'marakeng oa machaba ke boleng ba thekiso o ile a hlokomela ka ho naha ea linaheng tse ling. The TNCs kholo ka ho fetisisa, lenane la e ngotsweng ka tlase e se e hlahlobisisa ke molao-motheo ona. Hape, ho phaella ho mofuta ona wa mosebetsi le naha ea mong'a ka, lintho tseo e ne e akarelletsa ho matlotlo le mekhatlo:

1. Walmart (mabenkele mokga, US) - 482,130.
2. State keriting ya Corporation of China (motlakase, China) - 329,601.
3. China National Petroleum (oli le khase mokga, China) - 299,271.
4. Sinopec Groupe (peterolo indasteri, China) - 294,344.
5. Royal Dutch Shell (oli le khase mokga, le Netherlands - United Kingdom) - 272,156.

Tsena hase TNCs tsohle. Empa ha e le ea 2016, lik'hamphani tsena ho etsa ho fihlela ka holimo tse hlano.

Teoman bana Russia

Ho tloha qetellong ea XIX lekholong la lilemo la Russia o ile a leka ho kena ka mesebetsi ea mekhatlo ditshaba-tshaba lefatšeng. Empa deceleration kamehla ka lebaka la ho liphetohelo le liphetoho tsa lipolotiki ha ba lumelloa ho tsamaisa tshebetso ena ka botlalo. Ke ka lebaka lena e le letsatsi le le teng ka hare ho naha le laoloa ke ditshebeletso le dihlahiswa tsa lik'hamphani tsoang linaheng tse ling. Feela e batlang e sa tsoa, Russia e ile kopanela ho bōptjoa ha bona lihlopha tsa lichelete-liindasteri (lifeiga), eo ke tsoana haholo le le TNC.

Bapisang litšobotsi tse sa kholo ka ho fetisisa TNCs lefatše feela qetellong ea XX lekholong la lilemo la replenished le moemeli oa Russia, e leng ka 1996 lintlha hatisitsoeng ke Financial Times, hlahiswa khamphani "Gazprom".

Ka nako eo, ho ntshetsa pele ba mekhatlo e Russia e butle ho feta linaheng tse ling. Ho 'nyolla atleha haholoanyane ka' maraka lefatše Russia lokela kopanya boiteko ba ho ntlafatsa ya hae lihlopha ba bona ba lichelete le indasteri, hammoho le linaheng tse botsoalle.