DC dilenaneo: molao-motheo oa ho nka khato. DC dilenaneo: sesebediswa

Pele ho tsohle o ile a qapa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo le manakana a potolohang mochini oa motlakase ke DC tsa likoloi. Molao-motheo oa opereishene e 'nile ea tsebileng ho tloha bohareng ba lekholo tse fetileng ho nako ea hona joale DC Motors (DPT) tsoela pele ho botšepehi ho sebeletsa motho eo, lokisang tshisinyo mefuta e fapaneng ya mechine le thuso' me mekgwa.

The DPT pele

Qalang ho tswa 30s ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo ka ntshetsopeleng bona ba tsamaile ka mekhahlelo e 'maloa. 'Nete ke hore ho fihlela qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la ho qetela enjene alternators feela mohloli oa matla e ne e le galvanic seleng. Ka hona, kaofela ha Motors pele motlakase ka matha feela ka hona joale ka ho toba.

e ne e le lekhetlo la pele DC dilenaneo eng? Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa sesebelisoa le dienjini ba e ntse e hahoa ka halofo e qalang ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, e tjena. Ea tšimo ka sehloohong e ne e le tse sa fetoheng sete ya magnets kapa electromagnets sa feleng molamu, ne a se na kakaretso koetsoeng a khoheli a potoloho. Salient-palo armature thehoa magnets maloa arohaneng molamu ka a selekane tloaelehileng, tse neng di le khannoang ke mabotho a nyonyehang le khahle batho ba lipalo tsa inductor ena. baemeli ba tloaelehileng ba bona ba ne dienjini W. Ricci (1833) le B. Jacoby (1834) hlomelloa le fapoha phetha molao jwale ka electromagnets e le armatures nkehang mabitso a mang ka potoloho ea armature matsoelintsoeke.

E le enjene e mathang Jacobi

e ne e le mochine ona molao-motheo oa tshebetso eng? Engine Jacobi kamehla hona joale le analogs lona rua pulsating motlakase torque. Nakong ea convergence tsa lipalo bo fapaneng ya armature le inductor ke khoheli a khoheli a ba qobelle dilenaneo torque ka potlako e ile ea fihla lebetsoeng le. Joale, ha sebaka palo ya armature mabapa le lipalo tsa inductor, e switjha mechine le roba jwale ka electromagnets tsa armature ena. Torque marotholi ho lefela. Ka lebaka la ho inertia tsa armature le khannoang mochine ankora lipalo ntša tlas'a lipalo tse inductor, ka nako ena ho 'ona ho tloha switjha jwale e fuoa ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng, polarity bona hape felisoa,' me matla a matla a khoheli ho palo e haufi ea inductor le e nkeloa sebaka ke lebotho le bo nyonyehang. Kahoo, dilenaneo le a dikologela Jacobi latellanang shocks.

Ho bonahala eka annular ankora

Ka liboto tsa armature solenoids enjene Jacobi jwale nako le nako o ile a theoha, ba bōpa e matla a khoheli ea nyamela, le matla a lona e fetoloa tahlehelo mocheso ka windings ea. Kahoo, electromechanical ho sokoloha matla hona joale mohloding armature (motlakase ya li-cell) ka phetha molao hlahile ho eona intermittently. Se neng se hlokahala e ile ea koaloa ka dilenaneo tsoelang pele matsoelintsoeke jwale e neng e tla phalla kamehla nakong eohle ea tšebetso ea oona.

Le fuhtufn joalo ho ile ha thehoa 1860. A Pachinotti. Se fapaneng ho tloha pele ho lona DC dilenaneo? Molao-motheo oa tšebetso ea ho enjene le sesebediswa Pachinotti latelang. Ka liankora o ile a sebelisa tšepe lesale ka spokes tsepame ka theko paatsepama. Tabeng ena, ho ankora ne ba se na lipalo salient. O ile a neyavnopolyusnym.

armature kela matsoelintsoeke ne qetellong pakeng tsa spokes ea lesakaneng, ea lipheletsong tsa tse amanang letotong ka ankora, 'me ho tloha lintlha tsa mabapi ea e mong le e makhetlo a mabeli ho ile ha etsoa e tlanye amanang ho lipoleiti mokelli lokisetsa hammoho le sedikiso sa tlase ya dilenaneo theko, palo ea tse lekana palo ea makhetlo. The armature kaofela e ile ea koaloa ka ka boeona 'me lintlha seriale mabapi la makhetlo lona a amanang ho lipoleiti haufi mokelli, eo Slide ka para ea morao-rao phepelo rollers.

The ankora annular e se e beha pakeng tsa lipalo tse pedi tsitsitseng electromagnets inductor-stator, e le hore le mela e la lebotho la bōpiloe ke ba nyakallo matla a khoheli kenyelelitsoe le ka ntle cylindrical holim 'a dilenaneo armature ka leboea palo nyakallo feta har'a annular armature, ntle le ho fallela ka hare-hare ho lesoba lona,' me o tsoa ka tlas'a boroa palo.

E le enjene e mathang Pachinotti

Seo a ne a ena le molao-motheo oa bohato? DC dilenaneo Pachinotti sebelitse ka tsela e tšoanang le DPT ea kajeno.

The matla a khoheli ea lipalo inductor le polarities ena haesale le palo e itseng ea conductors tsa armature matsoelintsoeke jwale le tataiso ea kamehla, moo ho inductor tlas'a lipalo tse fapaneng tsa armature tataiso jwale e se e felisoa. Sena se ile sa finyelloa ka ho tsamaisa jwale phepelo rollers, e sebetsa e le o tlhobosa, ka sebaka pakeng tsa lipalo tsa inductor ena. Ka hona armature instantaneous jwale phalla ho kela ka rolara, ba poleiti mokelli le bonded tlhokeng phathatsa, le boetseng le ka sebaka pakeng tsa lipalo tse, moo phalla ka litaelo bo fapaneng hammoho tse peli poluobmotkam-makala, 'me qetellong phalla ka mola oa lekala, poleiti mokelli le rolara ka interpolar mong karohano. Ka ho etsa joalo, ba kela ankora tlasa lipalo tsa inductor la fetoha, empa tataiso ea phallo jwale lutse e sa fetohe ka ho bona.

Ke Molao Ampere e, bakeng sa e mong le e mokhanni oa armature kela le hona joale ka matla a khoheli ea inductor palo, lebotho leo e laolwang ke tataiso ea puso ea tsebahalang "setse letsoho." Ka ho tshwana le selekane sa enjene, matla ana ho bopa torque, 'me chelete eo ea linako tse mabotho tsena tsohle fana ka nako palo yohle ya DPT, e leng se a ntse a tlas'a lipoleiti tse' maloa 'mokelli ke hoo e ka bang kamehla.

DPT le nang le annular armature matsoelintsoeke grammovskoy

Nako le nako etsahetseng historing ea saense le theknoloji, ho qaptjoa A. Pachinotti ba ne ba sa sebelisoa. Ho ile lebaloa ka lilemo tse 10 ho fihlela ka bo-1870 e le nosi se pheta Franco-Sejeremane moqapi H. Gramm ka moralo o tšoanang oa DC jenereithara. Ka mechine tsena, a selekane tsa chenchana e rapameng le 'nile la sebelisoa ka carbon tlhobosa Sliding hammoho le' mokelli oa lipoleiti merero hoo e ka bang mehleng ena. Ke ba 70 go th lilemo tsa lekholo la bo19 la lilemo le molao-motheo oa reversibility ea mechine ea motlakase e se e le tsebahalang, 'me mochine Gramm sebelisoa e le jenereithara le DC tsa likoloi. bueloang lona molao-motheo o se a ntse a boletsoeng ka holimo.

Ho sa tsotellehe 'nete ea hore ho qaptjoa ha lesale armature e ne e le bohato ba bohlokoa ka ho hōla ha DPT, lona matsoelintsoeke (tse bitsoang grammovskoy) o ne a drawback bohlokoa. The matla a khoheli tsa lipalo tseo inductor ke feela bao e leng ba conductors lona (bitsoa a sebetsang a), e larileng ka tlas'a lipalo tsena ka ntle cylindrical holim 'a armature ena. Ho bona ho ne ho tsamaea le ea matla a khoheli matla a Ampere, le torque mabapi le enjene ea selekane. Tseo conductors khathetseng moeeng hore feta ka mokoting o kenyang lesale ankora ba ne ba sa kenya letsoho ha ho bōptjoa ha nako eo. Ba feela e se nang thuso matahoa a sa itlhompheng matla a mokgwa wa ho lahleheloa ke mocheso.

Ho tswa ho lesale ho ankora moqomo

Address phoso ena lesale liankora atleha ho 1873 ke e tummeng Jeremane motlakase F. Gefner-Alteneku. Ho tlile joang hore e sebetsa DC dilenaneo? Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa sesebediswa, inductor lona stator ho tšoana le ho enjene le lesale matsoelintsoeke. Empa moralo ea armature le lona matsoelintsoeke fetotsoe.

Gefner-Altenek ile a bontša hore tataiso ea armature jwale phallang ho tloha borashe tsepamisitsoeng, ka conductors grammovskoy matsoelintsoeke nyakallo ka lipalo haufi ba kamehla bo fapaneng, ke hore, ba ka kenyelletsoa ka windings ea leng ka ntle cylindrical holim 'a kela ka bophara (sekontiri se metsi) lekanang le sekontiri se metsi palo (the sedikiso armature, ho palo e' ngoe ea nyakallo e).

Tabeng ena, ho ba tse sa hlokahaleng ka lesoba chitja tsa armature, 'me e fetoha se silindara tiileng (moropa). Sena matsoelintsoeke le ankora ka boeona e amohetse lebitso la moqomo le. Tshebediso ya koporo le ho eona ka palo e tšoanang ea conductors a sebetsang a ka tlaase haholo ho feta ka grammovskoy matsoelintsoeke.

Anchor Gear fetoha

The mechine le Gramm-Gefner Alteneka ankora holim ne boreleli, le conductors lona matsoelintsoeke lokisetsa lekhalo pakeng tsa e 'me lipalo tsa inductor ena. Sebaka se pakeng tsa concave cylindrical holim'a tsa lipalo tseo nyakallo le armature khonvekse holim fihla millimeters 'maloa. Ka hona, ho bōpa e batlang khoheli matla hlokahala ho sebelisa nyakallo makhetlo ka kgolo magnetomotive lebotho la (ka palo e khōlō ea ba chenchana). Sena se haholo eketseha le boholo le boima ba 'mele oa dienjini e. Ho phaella moo, le boreleli holim 'a makhetlo armature e ne e le thata ho e lokisa. Empa ke joang ba joalo joang? Ka sebele, bakeng sa bohato ba pele mokhanni le jwale Ampere lebotho la e lokela ho ba ka lintlha tse ka sebaka le masimo a phahameng a khoheli a (ka matla a khoheli ts'ebetsong segokanyipalo).

Ho ile ha fumaneha hore sena ha se ho hlokahala. American moqapi H. Maxim sethunya o ile a bontša hore ha e le ankora phetha moqomo Gear, 'me grooves thehoa pakeng tsa meno le ho beha kela matsoelintsoeke moqomo, lekhalo pakeng tsa lipalo le nyakallo li ka fokotsoa hore dikotwana tsa millimeter ka. Ho ka etsahala ho fokotsa boholo ba makhetlo nyakallo, empa torque DPT ha fokotseha.

E le mesebetsi ya jwalo DC dilenaneo? Molao-motheo oa tshebetso e thehiloe 'nete ea hore toothed ankora a khoheli a ba qobelle ho sebelisoa ha ho conductors ka beetsweng lona (matla a khoheli ho tsona ke hoo e batlang e le sieo), le menong haholo. Ho ba teng ha jwale ka mokhanni ka groove ka ke mahlonoko tseo ho leng bakeng sa ketsahalo e sa la lebotho la sena.

Tsela ea ho tlosa maqhubu Eddy

Ntlafatso 'ngoe ea bohlokoa tumisoa moqapi Ta Edison. Seo a phaella ka ho re ho DC dilenaneo? Molao-motheo o ho sebelisa mehaho e lutse e sa fetohe, empa lintho tse bonahalang tse ho tswa ho tse entsoeng ankora lona fetotsoe. Ho ena le pele e neng e sa setonanahali e ne e le laminated tšesaane pellet ka thōko ho e mong le tse ling tse ka maqephe a tšepe. Sena se fokolitse boholo ba maqhubu Eddy (Foucault maqhubu) ka armature, e leng e ile ea eketseha ea bokgoni ba ho enjene.

Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa DC dilenaneo

Ka bokhutšoanyane e ka 'na ea e rerileng tjena: ha tlohang armature matsoelintsoeke thabile dilenaneo ho e-ba mohloli matla ho eona e hlaha hona joale e kholo bitsoa inrush le feteng makhetlo a' maloa bohlokoa ba rated. Ho feta moo, tlas'a lipalo tse nyakallo tsa bo fapaneng polarity tataiso ea maqhubu ka conductors tsa armature matsoelintsoeke e fapaneng le e tšoanang joalokaha ho bontšitsoe palo eo tlase. Ho ea ka puso ea "setse letsoho", itsebisa tsena ke Ampere qobelle tsela e counterclockwise le jarelang armature ho potoloha. Ka armature le matsoelintsoeke conductors hlohlelletsoa electromotive lebotho la (morao-EMF), o ile a laela oppositely ho mohloding phepelo gagamalo. E le armature matsapa eketseha le ka morao-EMF ka matsoelintsoeke lona. Ka lebaka leo, ho armature jwale e fokotsehile ho tloha ho qala tsa boleng tsamaisanang le litšobotsi enjene bueloang ntlha.

Ho eketsa lebelo la chenchana tsa armature, e ke ho hlokahala hore ka ho eketsa jwale ka kela lona kapa fokotsa morao-EMF ka eona. Ea bobeli e ka finyelloa ka ho fokotseha le boholo ba nyakallo matla a khoheli ke fokotsa jwale tšimong matsoelintsoeke. mokhoa ona oa ho ho laola lebelo la DPT ho atile.

Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa DC dilenaneo le nyakallo arohaneng

Le kenyelletsoa ha lintlha tsa ea tšimo matsoelintsoeke boemelong (ob,) ho e ka thoko matla mohloding (ikemetseng OM) e matla DPT hangata ile a etsa ho etsa hore ho loketseng haholoanyane ho laola boholo ba nyakallo jwale (e le hore ho fetola lebelo rotational). Ka thepa ea DPT le ikemetseng ob, haholo tšoanang DPT le ob,, amana ka e tšoanang le armature matsoelintsoeke.

Shunt DPT

Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa e tšoanang DC dilenaneo tšimo jwale e laolwang ke bath phetha molao, i.e. ho itšetleha ya lebelo la chenchana ea mojaro torque ka theko ea eona. Bakeng sa enjene lebelo phetoho ka phetoho ea ho tloha idling ho rated mojaro torque e tsoa ho 2 ho 10%. thepa tsena ho phetha molao feela ba bitsoa ba sa tenyetseheng.

Kahoo, bohato molao-motheo oa e DC dilenaneo le shunt etsa hore kopo ea eona actuators ka lebelo kamehla ha le leholo mojaro phetoho telele. Leha ho le joalo, ho e ho pharaletseng sebelisoa ka lekanyetsoa ka koloi ea motlakase le lebelo polygonal. Ho feta moo, bakeng sa lebelo molao oa tsamaiso lona ka sebelisoa e le phetoho ya armature jwale le tšimo jwale.

Sequential nyakallo ea DPT

Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa DC dilenaneo letotong nyakallo e tšoanang le eo, e laolwang ke bath phetha molao, e leng tabeng ena e bonolo, hobane enjene lebelo fapana haholo le liphetoho tse boima. Moo ke ho fetisisa molemo ho sebelisa DC dilenaneo? The ho sebetsa molao-motheo oa enjene lebelo sa terene traction e leng lokela ho fokotseha ka hlōla fofomoga ea ho hlophisoa 'me ba khutlele ho tshisinyo ipolela ha thota e lumellana ka botlalo le DPT le ob, sequentially amanang ho armature matsoelintsoeke. Ka lebaka leo, karolo e itseng e khōlō ea locomotives motlakase ka lefatše a hlomelloa le disebediswa tsa ho joalo.

The ho sebetsa molao-motheo oa e DC dilenaneo le letoto la lihlooho tse nyakallo kenya tshebetsong ka pulsating jwale Motors traction tse le hantle e tšoanang le DPT dumellana RH, empa ka ho khetheha e etselitsoeng tshebetsong le phosollwa se ka boto jwale motlakase ho ba le ripple mohlomong.