Ha ka 1983 United States li ile tsa qala ho MLRS MLRS, eo ke litšobotsi tse lona ne ho tšoana le Union "Leholiotsoana" tsamaiso sebelisoa ka 1975, linaha tse NATO etsa qeto ea hore ba ile ba tšoara Soviet Union ka litsamaiso tsa salvo mollo. Leha ho le joalo, ba ne ba makala ha. Lilemo tse 'nè hamorao, ka 1987, li ile tsa amohela arabelang libetsa Regiment tsa Soviet Army kena tlhomamiso "Smerch".
History ea pōpo
mosebetsi oa hore ba be le tsamaiso e ncha Lata pele ho, ho phaella ho mesebetsi ea setso bakeng sa timetsoa ha thepa, libetsa, manpower, airfields le mare, ho ba le ho timetsoa ha metsu e etsoang ka maqiti. Bakeng sa morero ona ho ne ho hlokahala hore ho eketsa e nepahetse e bile a betsa telele. Ntshetsopeleng ya tsamaiso ea joalo e ne e tsoa ho Tula Design Bureau ea State Research le Production ENTERPRISE "Fusion", eo ba ne ba etselitsoe tsoibilang tse ngata Lata Russia. Kakaretso moqapi ne Alexander Nikitivich Ganichev, 'me ka mor'a lefu la hae - Denezhkin Gennadiy Alekseevich.
Design le litšobotsi
Qalong ea mosebetsi oa bayemi tobane le bothata bohlokoa. All lerumo tsoibilang Russia le lefatše, ho qala ka wa tsomo "Katyusha", le ho eketseha ha a betsa fapaneng lahleheloa ke monyetla ka bona ka sehloohong - banadores otla shebiloeng ba ne ba sa, ameha e khōlō ho hasa rockets. Ho hlōla drawback ena, Sefofane sa pele sa khalemelo e ile sebelisoa ka lefatše la mahlaahlela a re ka sekontiri se metsi le yaw. Ka ho sebelisa e khethehileng oona tsamaisong taolo otla ho nepahala ile fihlellwa tse peli, 'me ho nepahala - ka makhetlo a mararo e phahameng ho feta ea tsamaiso ea tšoanang tsoang linaheng tse ling ba salvo mollo. Ho feta moo, ka projectile e sebelisoa e le molemo tiileng-boosters. liketsahalo tsena tsohle li bontša hore ho hlongoa "Twister" - sebetsa ya boemong ba ho feletseng le lecha tseo ke bapisegeng ka mefuta e fapaneng 'me ba bolaea matla a mollo, ho senngoa ha likoloi armored le manpower sera sa hlahelang.
kabelo ea liqhomane
RZSO "Twister" - hlongoa banadores mollo. E na le lonthja tataiso methapo 12, ka ho latellana, ka mahlaahlela akarelletsa ho 12 mefuta e fapaneng ya metsu. Nahana ka tse ling tsa tsona. 9M55K khetla e na le hlooho le kabelo le likarolo fragmentation. Etselitsoeng ho kopanela thekenoloji bonolo-bo sohlokehile 'me manpower ka thōko bulehileng. The projectile kenyelletsa ditokiseletso 9M55K1 homing submunitions. Etselitsoeng ho e felisa litlhōrō tsa likoloi armored le litanka. Metsu 9M55K3 le K4 ba sebediswa bakeng sa-ba khahlanong le basebeletsi le-ba khahlanong le meepo ho latellana. Hlooho karolo 646 e hlomelloa 9M55K5 submunitions le bopehileng-fragmentation lethality. Punch 120 limilimithara homogeneous lihlomo le atlehang ka ho fetisisa khahlanong le infantry eo susumelletsa ho BMP le APCs. Lerumo 9M55F kenyelletsa ditokiseletso e detachable phahameng-phatloha fragmentation warhead. O timetsa manpower, litsi lipuisanong, ntlo-khōlō, sesole le mehaho ea liindasteri. The projectile fetisisa sokolisa ho "Twister" ke 9M55S hlomelloa thermobaric warhead (seo ho thoeng ke liqhomane mafura-moea, kapa ka vacuum cleaner bomo). Thepa ea liteko puso, e leng qeto e ka bokgoni ba ho e sebelisa, li classified.
Hona joale, e thehiloeng munitions ka holimo pele metsu ncha e nang le eketsehileng a betsa fapaneng ya km 90. Re lokela ho hlokomela warhead mong unconventional. Ke lerumo le e lifofane unmanned, e reretsoe ho hlokomela 'me sera reconnaissance bakeng sa halofo ea hora,' me e na le lengolo la phahameng ea teboho ba hlaheloa ke kotsi ho boholo ba eona e nyenyane.
E rarahaneng MRL
Banadores tlhomamiso "Smerch" le bopilwe ka ntoa koloi 9A52, bōpa ka lebaka la mane barrel cheisi le phahameng sefapano MAZ 543 koloi. Ho bokana sephutheloana ya 12 tataisa ka sebopeho tubular, ho na le seea-le-thepa ea puisano, hammoho le thepa e fumanehang oona tsamaisong mollo taolo. transportnozaryazhayuschaya mochine e sebediswa bakeng sa ho palamisa ba launcher, o na 9T234 li-index, hape ka MAZ-543. The ya diyantle le phetolelo ea MLRS fana, ka kopo, le Phetolo koloi "Tatra-816." Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore linaheng tse ling, tse kang India, ho na le tšebeletso hantle ntshetswa pele oa k'hamphani ena. Ho etsa bonnete ba sebetsang hantle Litlhophiso tsa ntoa kopo di sebediswa: rarahaneng IQ (jarolla ka ho iketsa mollo taolo) 9S729M1 "lahleloa-1" KamAZ-43114 ( «Tatra-T815"); Vehicles tsa lipatlisiso (1T12-2M li-index, Gaz-66); Meteorological radiopelengatsionny rarahaneng 1B44 "Smile" ( "Ural-43203").
Dinaheng le matsoho a ka RZSO
Ka nako eo Soviet Union e oa oa ka matsoho a regiments tharo Lata libetsa e ile ea tlhomamiso "Smerch". 336 Regiment mor'a 1991 sala Belarus, la 337 - Russia, 'me palo ya 371 - ka Ukraine. Ho phaella tabeng ea ho ea linaheng tse boletsoeng ka holimo, ho hlongoa sebeletsa Azerbaijan, Algeria, Venezuela, Georgia, India, Kuwait, UAE, Peru le Turkmenistan. Le karolo ea ho fana ka litanka linaheng tsena ba ile ba behoa ka kotloloho Rosoboronexport, 'me ba bang ba' nile ba rekiswa ho tswa ho mehloli ea Union Ukraine le Belarus. China hlahisa RZSO "Smerch" e le laesense ka cheisi lona.
tsoelo-pele e tsepisa
Ka Russia kajeno e ntseng li hōla moruong tsamaiso ea tse ncha lerumo. A photo la e mong oa bona e emeloang ho tlhokomelo ea hao. Sena hlongoa "Kama" e ncha ea cheisi KAMAZ-6350 le rails 6 sebakeng sa 12, e ileng ea pele o ile a bontša ka Aerospace bontša "MAKS-2007". RZSO hape o tsoela pele ho ntshetsa pele moloko o mocha oa "sefefo se matla", e leng tla haufinyane buella le mosebetsing ntoa ka Serussia Army le mabotho a hlometseng tsa linaheng tse ling.