ACS ke eng? Ba ikhopolang ho propelled libetsa tlhomamiso: tlhophiso, kgetho

Ba ikhopolang ho propelled libetsa diyuniti (Sau) bitsoa likoloi ntoa, e leng ha ho letho le ho feta ka ho intša propelled cheisi-mounted libetsa sethunya. Ka bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi e ka linako tse ling bitsoa lithunya intša propelled kapa artsamohodami. A sehloohong sena a, re tla sheba hore na ke ACS, moo ba sebelisoa e le arologantsweng le fapana ho ea ka mefuta e meng ea libetsa.

kakaretso

Ho le joalo, ACS ke eng? Ka kutloisiso e pharaletseng e le ACS ka bonoa likoloi tsohle ntoa, tse hlometseng ka lithunya. Leha ho le joalo, ka kutloisiso e moqotetsane ho ACS kenyeletsa feela mechine tseo tse hlometseng ka lithunya kapa howitzers, empa ha li litanka kapa makoloi armored.

Sau mefuta sa tšoaneng, hammoho le ho pharalla bona. Ba ka mabili kapa bonwe cheisi, ho sireletsa kapa ho se sireletsa lihlomo, ba tsitsitseng kapa tora eketseha le sethunya ka sehloohong. Tse ngata tsa libetsa intša propelled tsa lefatše, a hlomelloa le ditlhomo tora, tšoana le litanka. Leha ho le joalo, ba ile ba fapana haholo ho tloha litanka tsa tšebeliso e etsoang ka maqiti le ho leka-lekana "lihlomo ntoeng."

Ba ikhopolang ho propelled libetsa unit trust (ACS) o ile a qala histori lona ho pota nako eo ka eona Cannon pele le likoloi armored - mathoasong a lilemo la bo20 la lilemo. Ho feta moo, ho tloha maikutlo tsa saense ea kajeno ea sesole, pele ditanka French ne hang ya manaka hamorao Sau feta ditanka. Ka halofo bohareng le ea bobeli ea lekholo la lilemo la mashome a mabeli naheng tse isang ho ile ha latela nako ea ho hōla ka potlako ba mefuta eohle ba ho propelled libetsa.

Mathoasong a lekholo la mashome a mabeli-lekhetlo la pele, ka lebaka la ho qhoma a maholohali a saense sesole, jarolla ka ho iketsa taolo, ho ea ka litsebi tse ngata, ba ile ba qala ho ipolela e bophahamo ba har'a likoloi tse ling armored. Nakong e fetileng, ka sebele e le ditanka ka. Karolo e phethoang ke ba ACS ka dipehelo tsa lintoa morao-rao sesole o hōla selemo le selemo.

History of ntshetsopeleng

Ka naha, ho Pele World Ntoa ntoeng sebediswa ho intša propelled diyuniti, hahoa motheong oa literaka, literekere kapa crawler. Hamorao, le ntshetsopele ya ditanka, baenjiniere ba hlokomela hore tanka botlaaseng molemo ka ho fetisisa loketseng bakeng sa ho hlongoa tsamaiso ea e matla libetsa. lithunya Unarmored ka cheisi ho ne ho boetse ho e-s'o lebale, hobane ba tumme ka tsamaiso tsona tse phahameng.

Russia, pele armored ACS filwe mora oa D. I. Mendeleeva - VD Mendeleev. Nakong ea Pele ea Lefatše Ntoa le Ntoa ea Lehae ea ka mafolofolo o ile a sebelisa 72-millimeter sethunya Lander, e hahiloeng ka motheong oa teraka "Russo-Balt". Cabs ba bang ba bona esita le mokhoa o sa fellang armored. Ka 20s ea tse lekholo tse fetileng ntshetsopele ya ACS kopanela USSR, Jeremane le United States, empa boholo ba merero ea ho letho ho feta e le ho instola surrogate.

Ha Soviet Union le Jeremane ba ile ba qala ho ka mafolofolo ntshetsa pele mabotho a sona armored, monyetla oa ho massively hlomamisa ka cheisi tanka libetsa. Kahoo, Soviet Union ka lebaka la T-35 ditanka le T-28 mochine o intša propelled lithunya Su-14 o ne a bōptjoa. Jeremane, bakeng sa ho sokoloha tlasa Sau sebediswa ditanka siiloe ke nako Pz Kpfw I.

Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše e hlokehang ho sebelisa barupeluoa bohle. Jeremane khobokana hlahiswa ACS thehiloeng khale 'me a hapa ditanka. E Thehiloe ho mechine e tsa lona, ba ile ba etsa tlhomamiso e bonolo haholoanyane 'me theko. Pale kenyelleditswe dikai joalo Jeremane: StuG III, le StuG IV, Hummel le Wespe, lithunya intša propelled "Ferdinand" (seo ho thoeng ke bo-ralitima Hetzer le Elefant tanka) le batho ba bang ba seng bakae. Ho tloha qetellong ea 1944 ho hlahisa ACS Jeremane feta bophahamo ba modumo tlhahiso ea ditanka.

The Red Army o ile a qala ho loantša ntle le seriale intša propelled libetsa. Tlhahiso ea e le 'ngoe howitzer intša propelled Su-5 ile a khaotsa ho ka 1937. Empa ka July 1941, ho ne ho e ho intša propelled lithunya ZIS-30 surrogate mofuta. Le selemong se tlang sa kopano mola tsoela hlasela ka lithunya ea mohlala Su-122. Hamorao counterweight Jeremane boima likoloi armored hlaha tummeng Su-100 le ISU-152.

British le American baenjiniere ba concentrated mabotho a bona ba haholo-holo ka ho hlahisa howitzers intša propelled. Kahoo ho ne ho ea mohlala: Sexton, Bishop, M12 le M7 Moprista.

Ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele la ntoa litanka tse khōlō, ho hlokahala hore ho sebelisa libetsa tsa hlasela nyamela. -Ba khahlanong le lerumo tsamaiso e khopo le gunships helikopthara haholo ka katleho ka nka sebaka sa tanka motimetsi. Empa howitzers le -ba khahlanong le lifofane lithunya tse ntseng li hōla moruong ho fihlela joale.

E le ACS pharalla bona hōla le ho atolosoa tlhophiso. Nahana ka mefuta e mengata ea lithunya ho intša propelled, hlaha ka saense sesole kajeno.

destroyers tanka

Ka lebitso la fana ka maikutlo a, tse kang mechine ntoa tse khethehileng ho timetsa likoloi armored. Ka tloaelo ho, ba ile ba ba a fumana libetsa e le nako e telele barreled lithunya semiautomatic tsa caliber tsa limilimithara 57 ho ea ho 100 limilimithara ka mokhoa sebopego se se tshwaraganyang tjhaja e lumellang ho finyella palo e phahameng ea mollo. Boima tanka destroyers, tse reretsoeng ho loantša tšoanang sera sa mochine le litanka tse boima ka ho ba hlometseng ka lithunya e telele-barreled arola tjhaja, ho caliber ba finyellang ho fihlela ho 155 limilimithara. Ditlhomo tsa sehlopha sena ke thuso khahlanong infantry le liqhobosheane. Tlōle ka ntshetsopeleng ya ba amohetse nakong ya Second Ntoa ea Lefatše. baemeli ba bath ea destroyers tanka ea nako eo ke Soviet Union ba ikhopolang ho propelled lithunya Su-100 ea mohlala le Sejeremane "jagdpanther". Hona joale, ho hlongoa sehlopha sena o ile a fa tsela ea ho tsamaiso ea-ba khahlanong le lerumo le ho loantša ho liroala-nkhoana, e leng e ngata atlehang ho sebetsana le ho fana ka litanka ena.

lithunya hlasela

Ke likoloi armored bakeng sa mollo tšehetso ea ditanka le infantry. ACS mofuta ona wa kgolo-arming (105-203 limilimithara) kapa lithunya tse kgutshwanyane-nako e telele-barreled, eo habonolo otla e etselitsoeng liqhobosheane maemong infantry. Ho phaella moo, lithunya hlasela ka katleho a sebelisa khahlanong le litanka. mofuta ona wa lithunya intša propelled, hammoho le e fetileng, ka mafolofolo ntshetswa pele nakong ea ntoa ea bobeli ea World. mehlala e totobetseng ea lithunya Jeremane hlasela propelled tšepe StuG III, StuG H42 le Brummbar. Har'a mechine Union khetholloa: Su-122 le Su-152. Ka mor'a ntoa, ho ntshetsa pele la ntoa ditanka ka sehloohong ile sa etsa hore ha e le hantle hore ba ne ba arming le lithunya tse khōlō-caliber, ba nang le bokhoni ba ho bolaea liqhobosheane sera sa ntle le mathata le liphofu unarmored. Kahoo, ho hlokahala hore a sebelise libetsa hlasela nyamela.

Ba ikhopolang ho propelled howitzers

Ke lithulusi tsa cellular tsa mollo ho tloha maemong patehileng. Ha e le hantle, ho propelled manaka towed libetsa. Joalo ACS ba hlometseng caliber tsamaiso ea libetsa ho tloha millimeters 75 ho 406. Ba ne ba o fokolang Ballistic buka, eo a sireletsa ntle ho tloha mollo stats-leshala. Tloha qalong feela, ntshetsopele ya intša propelled libetsa ntshetswa pele le howitzers intša propelled. Lithunya tsa caliber kgolo le tsamaiso phahameng le litsamaiso tsa morao-rao boemo etsa mofuta ona wa armament har'a atlehang ka ho fetisisa ka letsatsi lena.

Ho khetheha ho pharaletseng e sebediswa howitzers intša propelled caliber moholo ho millimeters 152. Ba ile ba ka otla sera sa warheads ea nyutlelie, e leng se etsang hore ho be bonolo ho lahla thepa e khōlō 'me lihlopha tsa masole le palo e fokolang ea Shots. Nakong ea ntoa ea bobeli ea World, likoloi Sejeremane tse tummeng Wespe le Hummel, howitzers American M7 (Moprista) le M12, hammoho le British Sexton intša propelled lithunya le Bishop. Soviet Union e ile a leka ho hloma tlhahiso ya mechine joalo (ea mohlala ea Su-5) ka 40-ogy ea tse lekholo tse fetileng, empa leka ho ne ho se atlehe. Kajeno, ka morao-rao Russia lebotho la shebileng e mong oa molemo ka ho fetisisa howitzer intša propelled lefatšeng - 2S19 "MSTA-S" caliber tsa limilimithara 152. Ka mabotho a linaha tse ling tse NATO bohlokoa ho mefuta e meng 155-limilimithara intša propelled lithunya tsa lona, "Paladin" ka tšebeletso.

khahlanong le

Sau ka sehlopha sena ke seka-bulehileng kapa bula mochine, ba hlometseng ka libetsa-ba khahlanong le tanka. Ka tloaelo ho, ba ile ba ba a haha e le setsi sa khanya armored tanka cheisi, e fetohile se felloe ke nako bakeng sa ho e sebelisa reretsoe. mechine tsena ke hlaheletseng ke motswako molemo tsa theko le bokgoni le ba fumaneha ka meqolo e batlang e le e phahameng. Leha ho le joalo, ba ntse ba lahlehetsoe ke la sesole litšobotsi tsa mochine ho feta ee rileng. A mohlala o motle oa ho tanka motimetsi oa Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše ke mochini Jeremane Marder II le malapeng Su-76M. Ka tloaelo ho, tse kang tse nyenyane-arming kapa beha lithunya srednekalibernymi. Leha ho le joalo, ka linako tse ling ho na le matla le ho feta tlhahiso, ka mohlala, Jeremane Nashorn caliber ea 128 limilimithara. Ea kajeno diyuniti lebotho la ha ba sebelisoa.

antiaircraft

Ke e khethehileng Cannon le lithunya, eo mosebetsi o ka sehloohong ke ho hlōla tlase bophahamong le mahareng-bophahamong lifofane le liroala-nkhoana lireng. Hangata ba nyenyane-caliber jarolla ka ho iketsa lithunya hlometseng (20-40 limilimithara) le / kapa lithunya tse khōlō caliber (12,7-14,5 limilimithara). E elements ea bohlokoa ea-ba khahlanong le lifofane oona tsamaisong tataiso e ne e le ka liphofu tse ka potlako ho fallela. Ka linako tse ling ba ekelletsa moo hlometseng ka metsu ea "fatše-to-moea." Ka ntoa tsa litoropo, 'me maemong a ha e ke ho hlokahala hore ho hlōla batho ba tloaelehileng kgolo ya infantry,-ba khahlanong le lifofane lithunya o ile a bontša ka boeona e le hantle se tla ba. Nakong ea ntoa ea bobeli ea Lefatše, haholo-holo khetholloa ea Jeremane-ba khahlanong le lifofane lithunya Wirbelwind le Ostwind, hammoho le Union ZSU-37. Morao-rao e le lesole lebothong Russia e ba babeli ZSU hlometseng: 23-4 ( "Shilka") le "Tunguska".

surrogate

Na improvised ntoa likoloi, tse reretsoeng ho ya ka literaka tsa khoebo, libetsa literekere le literekere. Pehelo ka Sau surrogate, e le busa, a haelloa. Har'a ditlhomo malapeng kabo joalo sehlopha sa ile a fumana 57-limilimithara intša propelled-ba khahlanong le tanka ntoa koloi ZIS-30 eo e thehiloe ho seo ke bonwe libetsa terekere "Komsomolets". Ka ho fetisisa ho pharaletseng a sebelisa mechine surrogate, Jeremane ea Bonazi le Bofasista Italy ka lebaka la ho haella ha likoloi tse ling armored.

A tloaelehileng intša propelled libetsa tsa USSR ka katleho kopanya mesebetsi ya litlelase tse ngata. Mohlala o totobetseng la sena e ne e le ea mohlala ISU-152. Majeremane a khomaretse mokhoa oa ho bōpa e khethehileng haholo lithunya intša propelled. Ka lebaka leo, ba bang ba diyuniti Jeremane e ne e le molemo ka ho fetisisa litlelase tsa bona.

sebelisoa maqiti

Hore ba utloisise seo ACS le seo ba leng sona, a re ke re ithute hore na ho li sebelisa ka mokhoa ona. Sepheo se seholo sa ho intša propelled libetsa ntoeng ke ho tšehetsa mefuta e meng ea masole le libetsa mollo o tsoang maemong patehileng. Ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore ACS na le tsamaiso e phahameng, ba ka' na ba tsamaea le litanka nakong ea khefu ka tšireletso ea sera, haholo eketseha bokgoni ea ntoa ea masole a armored le infantry.

Phahameng tsamaiso e boetse e fana ka monyetla oa ho intša propelled libetsa ho hlasela sera. Ho etsa sena, pele ho balwa le ditekanyetso tsohle tsa ho thunngoa le. ACS joale le e'o boemo a betsa 'me ile a etella pele tlhaselo e khōlō ho sera sa ka ntle zeroing. Ka mor'a moo, ka potlako ba siea a betsa mola, 'me ke nako eo ka eona sera tla lekanya sebakeng se bakeng sa ngongoregong ho iphetetsa, boemo ba na le ho ba se nang letho.

Ha ditanka sera le motorized infantry khefu ka lesika la tshireletso, ba ikhopolang ho propelled libetsa ka sebeletsa e le ea atlehileng libetsa-ba khahlanong le tanka. Ho finyella sena, ba bang ba dikai ACS kena likhetla bona khethehileng mahlaahlela.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ba ikhopolang ho propelled libetsa tsa qala ho sebelisoa ho bolaea snipers hore ba ipatile sa phutholoha ho hlasela libaka tse ling firepower.

Single intša propelled libetsa, ba hlometseng ka limisaele tsa nyutlelie li ka lahla thepa kgolo, metsana e etselitsoeng liqhobosheane, hammoho le lipokothong tsa masole lireng. Tabeng ena, ea limisaele tsa nyutlelie ACS hoo e batlang e ho le thata ho khaoletsa. Leha ho le joalo, le mefuta e fapaneng ya liphofu khoneha ka targeted libetsa mahlaahlela tlase kapa lifofane metsu e etsoang ka maqiti, haesita le ho matla a phatloha ka.

tokisetso ea

The atileng ka ho fetisisa ke hole, ba ikhopolang ho propelled mechine atisa ho hahoa e le setsi sa tanka le leseli cheisi armored bonwe likoloi. Maemong ao ka bobeli le tokisetso ea metsoako le likopanong e tšoanang. Ho fapana le litanka, tora ACS tlhomamiso teng ka morao ea lihlomo tsa matlo, 'me a sa ka mahareng. Kahoo mokhoa oa ho fa mahlaahlela fatše e go tlhofofadiwa haholo. Engine-phetiso sehlopha, ka ho latellana sebakeng ka pele 'me karolo bohareng ya yona. Ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore phetiso ena e teng ka seqha, ke bohlale hore mabili a ka pele a isang. Leha ho le joalo, ka hona joale ACS mokhoa ikutloeleng tšebeliso ea morao-mabili.

karohano ea tsamaiso, ho e tšoanang - le mosebetsing oa mokhanni, e haufi le setsi sa gearbox tsa mochine kapa haufi le lehlakoreng la bona le letšehali. dilenaneo e teng pakeng tsa ntlha ea ho khanna le basesisi ba lekareche. Loantša lekareche e kenyeletsa liqhomane le lisebelisoa bakeng sa tse boikaelelo jwa tsone lithunya.

A boela a hlalosa mothofatso oa tsamaisa dikarolo le likopanong, le sethunya eketseha ka 'na qape tsa Tank sampole. Ka linako tse ling, ba ile ba etsa emela tanka tora eketsa basebetsi e nkeloa sebaka ke tora e khethehileng e nang le tekanyo ea seletsa le thepa bakeng sa tataiso. Mona re na le uena 'me u fumane hore na ke eng e ACS.